Adaptive traits of cysts of the snow alga Sanguina nivaloides unveiled by 3D subcellular imaging

Jade A. Ezzedine, Clarisse Uwizeye, Grégory Si Larbi, Gaelle Villain, Mathilde Louwagie, Marion Schilling, Pascal Hagenmuller, Benoît Gallet, Adeline Stewart, Dimitris Petroutsos, Fabienne Devime, Pascal Salze, Lucie Liger, Juliette Jouhet, Marie Dumont, Stéphane Ravanel, Alberto Amato, Jean-Gabriel Valay, Pierre-Henri Jouneau, Denis Falconet and Eric Maréchal ()
Additional contact information
Jade A. Ezzedine: Université Grenoble Alpes; IRIG, CEA-Grenoble
Clarisse Uwizeye: Université Grenoble Alpes; IRIG, CEA-Grenoble
Grégory Si Larbi: Université Grenoble Alpes; IRIG, CEA-Grenoble
Gaelle Villain: Université Grenoble Alpes; IRIG, CEA-Grenoble
Mathilde Louwagie: Université Grenoble Alpes; IRIG, CEA-Grenoble
Marion Schilling: Université Grenoble Alpes; IRIG, CEA-Grenoble
Pascal Hagenmuller: Université de Toulouse, Météo-France, CNRS, CNRM
Benoît Gallet: Université Grenoble Alpes, Commissariat à l’Energie Atomique et aux Energies Alternatives; IRIG
Adeline Stewart: Université Grenoble Alpes; IRIG, CEA-Grenoble
Dimitris Petroutsos: Université Grenoble Alpes; IRIG, CEA-Grenoble
Fabienne Devime: Université Grenoble Alpes; IRIG, CEA-Grenoble
Pascal Salze: Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique; 2233 rue de la piscine, Domaine Universitaire
Lucie Liger: Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique; 2233 rue de la piscine, Domaine Universitaire
Juliette Jouhet: Université Grenoble Alpes; IRIG, CEA-Grenoble
Marie Dumont: Université de Toulouse, Météo-France, CNRS, CNRM
Stéphane Ravanel: Université Grenoble Alpes; IRIG, CEA-Grenoble
Alberto Amato: Université Grenoble Alpes; IRIG, CEA-Grenoble
Jean-Gabriel Valay: Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique; 2233 rue de la piscine, Domaine Universitaire
Pierre-Henri Jouneau: Université Grenoble Alpes; IRIG, CEA-Grenoble
Denis Falconet: Université Grenoble Alpes; IRIG, CEA-Grenoble
Eric Maréchal: Université Grenoble Alpes; IRIG, CEA-Grenoble

Nature Communications, 2023, vol. 14, issue 1, 1-17

Abstract: Abstract Sanguina nivaloides is the main alga forming red snowfields in high mountains and Polar Regions. It is non-cultivable. Analysis of environmental samples by X-ray tomography, focused-ion-beam scanning-electron-microscopy, physicochemical and physiological characterization reveal adaptive traits accounting for algal capacity to reside in snow. Cysts populate liquid water at the periphery of ice, are photosynthetically active, can survive for months, and are sensitive to freezing. They harbor a wrinkled plasma membrane expanding the interface with environment. Ionomic analysis supports a cell efflux of K+, and assimilation of phosphorus. Glycerolipidomic analysis confirms a phosphate limitation. The chloroplast contains thylakoids oriented in all directions, fixes carbon in a central pyrenoid and produces starch in peripheral protuberances. Analysis of cells kept in the dark shows that starch is a short-term carbon storage. The biogenesis of cytosolic droplets shows that they are loaded with triacylglycerol and carotenoids for long-term carbon storage and protection against oxidative stress.

Date: 2023
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DOI: 10.1038/s41467-023-43030-7

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