Co-option of a non-retroviral endogenous viral element in planthoppers

Hai-Jian Huang, Yi-Yuan Li, Zhuang-Xin Ye, Li-Li Li, Qing-Ling Hu, Yu-Juan He, Yu-Hua Qi, Yan Zhang, Ting Li, Gang Lu, Qian-Zhuo Mao, Ji-Chong Zhuo, Jia-Bao Lu, Zhong-Tian Xu, Zong-Tao Sun, Fei Yan, Jian-Ping Chen (), Chuan-Xi Zhang () and Jun-Min Li ()
Additional contact information
Hai-Jian Huang: Ningbo University
Yi-Yuan Li: Ningbo University
Zhuang-Xin Ye: Ningbo University
Li-Li Li: Ningbo University
Qing-Ling Hu: Ningbo University
Yu-Juan He: Ningbo University
Yu-Hua Qi: Ningbo University
Yan Zhang: Ningbo University
Ting Li: Ningbo University
Gang Lu: Ningbo University
Qian-Zhuo Mao: Ningbo University
Ji-Chong Zhuo: Ningbo University
Jia-Bao Lu: Ningbo University
Zhong-Tian Xu: Ningbo University
Zong-Tao Sun: Ningbo University
Fei Yan: Ningbo University
Jian-Ping Chen: Ningbo University
Chuan-Xi Zhang: Ningbo University
Jun-Min Li: Ningbo University

Nature Communications, 2023, vol. 14, issue 1, 1-19

Abstract: Abstract Non-retroviral endogenous viral elements (nrEVEs) are widely dispersed throughout the genomes of eukaryotes. Although nrEVEs are known to be involved in host antiviral immunity, it remains an open question whether they can be domesticated as functional proteins to serve cellular innovations in arthropods. In this study, we found that endogenous toti-like viral elements (ToEVEs) are ubiquitously integrated into the genomes of three planthopper species, with highly variable distributions and polymorphism levels in planthopper populations. Three ToEVEs display exon‒intron structures and active transcription, suggesting that they might have been domesticated by planthoppers. CRISPR/Cas9 experiments revealed that one ToEVE in Nilaparvata lugens, NlToEVE14, has been co-opted by its host and plays essential roles in planthopper development and fecundity. Large-scale analysis of ToEVEs in arthropod genomes indicated that the number of arthropod nrEVEs is currently underestimated and that they may contribute to the functional diversity of arthropod genes.

Date: 2023
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DOI: 10.1038/s41467-023-43186-2

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