Time, momentum, and energy resolved pump-probe tunneling spectroscopy of two-dimensional electron systems

H. M. Yoo, M. Korkusinski, D. Miravet, K. W. Baldwin, K. West, L. Pfeiffer, P. Hawrylak and R. C. Ashoori ()
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H. M. Yoo: Massachusetts Institute of Technology
M. Korkusinski: National Research Council of Canada
D. Miravet: University of Ottawa
K. W. Baldwin: Princeton University
K. West: Princeton University
L. Pfeiffer: Princeton University
P. Hawrylak: University of Ottawa
R. C. Ashoori: Massachusetts Institute of Technology

Nature Communications, 2023, vol. 14, issue 1, 1-6

Abstract: Abstract Real-time probing of electrons can uncover intricate relaxation mechanisms and many-body interactions in strongly correlated materials. Here, we introduce time, momentum, and energy resolved pump-probe tunneling spectroscopy (Tr-MERTS). The method allows the injection of electrons at a particular energy and observation of their subsequent decay in energy-momentum space. Using Tr-MERTS, we visualize electronic decay processes, with lifetimes from tens of nanoseconds to tens of microseconds, in Landau levels formed in a GaAs quantum well. Although most observed features agree with simple energy-relaxation, we discovered a splitting in the nonequilibrium energy spectrum in the vicinity of a ferromagnetic state. An exact diagonalization study suggests that the splitting arises from a maximally spin-polarized state with higher energy than a conventional equilibrium skyrmion. Furthermore, we observe time-dependent relaxation of the splitting, which we attribute to single-flipped spins forming skyrmions. These results establish Tr-MERTS as a powerful tool for studying the properties of a 2DES beyond equilibrium.

Date: 2023
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DOI: 10.1038/s41467-023-43268-1

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