Comprehensive mapping of lunar surface chemistry by adding Chang'e-5 samples with deep learning

Chen Yang (), Xinmei Zhang, Lorenzo Bruzzone, Bin Liu, Dawei Liu, Xin Ren, Jon Atli Benediktsson, Yanchun Liang, Bo Yang, Minghao Yin, Haishi Zhao (), Renchu Guan (), Chunlai Li () and Ziyuan Ouyang
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Chen Yang: Jilin University
Xinmei Zhang: Jilin University
Lorenzo Bruzzone: University of Trento
Bin Liu: National Astronomical Observatories, Chinese Academy of Sciences
Dawei Liu: National Astronomical Observatories, Chinese Academy of Sciences
Xin Ren: National Astronomical Observatories, Chinese Academy of Sciences
Jon Atli Benediktsson: University of Iceland, 102
Yanchun Liang: Jilin University
Bo Yang: Jilin University
Minghao Yin: Northeast Normal University
Haishi Zhao: Jilin University
Renchu Guan: Jilin University
Chunlai Li: National Astronomical Observatories, Chinese Academy of Sciences
Ziyuan Ouyang: National Astronomical Observatories, Chinese Academy of Sciences

Nature Communications, 2023, vol. 14, issue 1, 1-9

Abstract: Abstract Lunar surface chemistry is essential for revealing petrological characteristics to understand the evolution of the Moon. Existing chemistry mapping from Apollo and Luna returned samples could only calibrate chemical features before 3.0 Gyr, missing the critical late period of the Moon. Here we present major oxides chemistry maps by adding distinctive 2.0 Gyr Chang’e-5 lunar soil samples in combination with a deep learning-based inversion model. The inferred chemical contents are more precise than the Lunar Prospector Gamma-Ray Spectrometer (GRS) maps and are closest to returned samples abundances compared to existing literature. The verification of in situ measurement data acquired by Chang'e 3 and Chang'e 4 lunar rover demonstrated that Chang’e-5 samples are indispensable ground truth in mapping lunar surface chemistry. From these maps, young mare basalt units are determined which can be potential sites in future sample return mission to constrain the late lunar magmatic and thermal history.

Date: 2023
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DOI: 10.1038/s41467-023-43358-0

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