Thermal and electrostatic tuning of surface phonon-polaritons in LaAlO3/SrTiO3 heterostructures

Yixi Zhou, Adrien Waelchli, Margherita Boselli, Iris Crassee, Adrien Bercher, Weiwei Luo, Jiahua Duan, J.L.M. Mechelen, Dirk Marel, Jérémie Teyssier, Carl Willem Rischau, Lukas Korosec, Stefano Gariglio, Jean-Marc Triscone and Alexey B. Kuzmenko ()
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Yixi Zhou: University of Geneva
Adrien Waelchli: University of Geneva
Margherita Boselli: University of Geneva
Iris Crassee: University of Geneva
Adrien Bercher: University of Geneva
Weiwei Luo: University of Geneva
Jiahua Duan: University of Oviedo
J.L.M. Mechelen: Eindhoven University of Technology
Dirk Marel: University of Geneva
Jérémie Teyssier: University of Geneva
Carl Willem Rischau: University of Geneva
Lukas Korosec: University of Geneva
Stefano Gariglio: University of Geneva
Jean-Marc Triscone: University of Geneva
Alexey B. Kuzmenko: University of Geneva

Nature Communications, 2023, vol. 14, issue 1, 1-9

Abstract: Abstract Phonon polaritons are promising for infrared applications due to a strong light-matter coupling and subwavelength energy confinement they offer. Yet, the spectral narrowness of the phonon bands and difficulty to tune the phonon polariton properties hinder further progress in this field. SrTiO3 – a prototype perovskite oxide - has recently attracted attention due to two prominent far-infrared phonon polaritons bands, albeit without any tuning reported so far. Here we show, using cryogenic infrared near-field microscopy, that long-propagating surface phonon polaritons are present both in bare SrTiO3 and in LaAlO3/SrTiO3 heterostructures hosting a two-dimensional electron gas. The presence of the two-dimensional electron gas increases dramatically the thermal variation of the upper limit of the surface phonon polariton band due to temperature dependent polaronic screening of the surface charge carriers. Furthermore, we demonstrate a tunability of the upper surface phonon polariton frequency in LaAlO3/SrTiO3 via electrostatic gating. Our results suggest that oxide interfaces are a new platform bridging unconventional electronics and long-wavelength nanophotonics.

Date: 2023
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DOI: 10.1038/s41467-023-43464-z

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