A papain-like cysteine protease-released small signal peptide confers wheat resistance to wheat yellow mosaic virus

Peng Liu, Chaonan Shi, Shuang Liu, Jiajia Lei, Qisen Lu, Haichao Hu, Yan Ren, Ning Zhang, Congwei Sun, Lu Chen, Yaoyao Jiang, Lixiao Feng, Tianye Zhang, Kaili Zhong, Jiaqian Liu, Juan Zhang, Zhuo Zhang, Bingjian Sun, Jianping Chen (), Yimiao Tang (), Feng Chen () and Jian Yang ()
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Peng Liu: Ningbo University
Chaonan Shi: Henan Agricultural University
Shuang Liu: Ningbo University
Jiajia Lei: Ningbo University
Qisen Lu: Ningbo University
Haichao Hu: Ningbo University
Yan Ren: Henan Agricultural University
Congwei Sun: Henan Agricultural University
Lu Chen: Ningbo University
Yaoyao Jiang: Ningbo University
Lixiao Feng: Ningbo University
Tianye Zhang: Ningbo University
Kaili Zhong: Ningbo University
Jiaqian Liu: Ningbo University
Juan Zhang: Ningbo University
Zhuo Zhang: Hunan Academy of Agricultural Sciences
Bingjian Sun: Henan Agricultural University
Jianping Chen: Ningbo University
Yimiao Tang: Beijing Academy of Agriculture and Forestry Sciences
Feng Chen: Henan Agricultural University
Jian Yang: Ningbo University

Nature Communications, 2023, vol. 14, issue 1, 1-18

Abstract: Abstract Wheat yellow mosaic virus (WYMV), a soil-borne pathogen, poses a serious threat to global wheat production. Here, we identify a WYMV resistance gene, TaRD21A, that belongs to the papain-like cysteine protease family. Through genetic manipulation of TaRD21A expression, we establish its positive role in the regulation of wheat to WYMV resistance. Furthermore, our investigation shows that the TaRD21A-mediated plant antiviral response relies on the release of a small peptide catalyzed by TaRD21A protease activity. To counteract wheat resistance, WYMV-encoded nuclear inclusion protease-a (NIa) suppress TaRD21A activity to promote virus infection. In resistant cultivars, a natural variant of TaRD21A features a alanine to serine substitution and this substitution enables the phosphorylation of Serine, thereby weakening the interaction between NIa and TaRD21A, reinforcing wheat resistance against WYMV. Our study not only unveils a WYMV resistance gene but also offers insights into the intricate mechanisms underpinning resistance against WYMV.

Date: 2023
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DOI: 10.1038/s41467-023-43643-y

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