Nuclear RPSA senses viral nucleic acids to promote the innate inflammatory response

Yan Jiang, Siqi Sun, Yuan Quan, Xin Wang, Yuling You, Xiao Zhang, Yue Zhang, Yin Liu, Bingjing Wang, Henan Xu () and Xuetao Cao ()
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Yan Jiang: Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences
Siqi Sun: Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences
Yuan Quan: Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences
Xin Wang: Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences
Yuling You: Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences
Xiao Zhang: Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences
Yue Zhang: Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences
Yin Liu: Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences
Bingjing Wang: Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences
Henan Xu: Nankai University
Xuetao Cao: Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences

Nature Communications, 2023, vol. 14, issue 1, 1-14

Abstract: Abstract Innate sensors initiate the production of type I interferons (IFN-I) and proinflammatory cytokines to protect host from viral infection. Several innate nuclear sensors that mainly induce IFN-I production have been identified. Whether there exist innate nuclear sensors that mainly induce proinflammatory cytokine production remains to be determined. By functional screening, we identify 40 S ribosomal protein SA (RPSA) as a nuclear protein that recognizes viral nucleic acids and predominantly promotes proinflammatory cytokine gene expression in antiviral innate immunity. Myeloid-specific Rpsa-deficient mice exhibit less innate inflammatory response against infection with Herpes simplex virus-1 (HSV-1) and Influenza A virus (IAV), the viruses replicating in nucleus. Mechanistically, nucleus-localized RPSA is phosphorylated at Tyr204 upon infection, then recruits ISWI complex catalytic subunit SMARCA5 to increase chromatin accessibility of NF-κB to target gene promotors without affecting innate signaling. Our results add mechanistic insights to an intra-nuclear way of initiating proinflammatory cytokine expression in antiviral innate defense.

Date: 2023
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DOI: 10.1038/s41467-023-43784-0

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