Thermodynamic behavior of correlated electron-hole fluids in van der Waals heterostructures

Ruishi Qi, Andrew Y. Joe (), Zuocheng Zhang, Yongxin Zeng, Tiancheng Zheng, Qixin Feng, Jingxu Xie, Emma Regan, Zheyu Lu, Takashi Taniguchi, Kenji Watanabe, Sefaattin Tongay, Michael F. Crommie, Allan H. MacDonald and Feng Wang ()
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Ruishi Qi: University of California
Andrew Y. Joe: University of California
Zuocheng Zhang: University of California
Yongxin Zeng: University of Texas at Austin
Tiancheng Zheng: University of California
Qixin Feng: University of California
Jingxu Xie: Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory
Emma Regan: University of California
Zheyu Lu: Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory
Takashi Taniguchi: National Institute for Materials Science
Kenji Watanabe: National Institute for Materials Science
Sefaattin Tongay: Arizona State University
Michael F. Crommie: University of California
Allan H. MacDonald: University of Texas at Austin
Feng Wang: University of California

Nature Communications, 2023, vol. 14, issue 1, 1-9

Abstract: Abstract Coupled two-dimensional electron-hole bilayers provide a unique platform to study strongly correlated Bose-Fermi mixtures in condensed matter. Electrons and holes in spatially separated layers can bind to form interlayer excitons, composite Bosons expected to support high-temperature exciton condensates. The interlayer excitons can also interact strongly with excess charge carriers when electron and hole densities are unequal. Here, we use optical spectroscopy to quantitatively probe the local thermodynamic properties of strongly correlated electron-hole fluids in MoSe2/hBN/WSe2 heterostructures. We observe a discontinuity in the electron and hole chemical potentials at matched electron and hole densities, a definitive signature of an excitonic insulator ground state. The excitonic insulator is stable up to a Mott density of ~0.8 × 1012 cm−2 and has a thermal ionization temperature of ~70 K. The density dependence of the electron, hole, and exciton chemical potentials reveals strong correlation effects across the phase diagram. Compared with a non-interacting uniform charge distribution, the correlation effects lead to significant attractive exciton-exciton and exciton-charge interactions in the electron-hole fluid. Our work highlights the unique quantum behavior that can emerge in strongly correlated electron-hole systems.

Date: 2023
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DOI: 10.1038/s41467-023-43799-7

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