Quantum transport of high-dimensional spatial information with a nonlinear detector

Bereneice Sephton, Adam Vallés (), Isaac Nape, Mitchell A. Cox, Fabian Steinlechner, Thomas Konrad, Juan P. Torres, Filippus S. Roux and Andrew Forbes ()
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Bereneice Sephton: University of the Witwatersrand
Adam Vallés: University of the Witwatersrand
Isaac Nape: University of the Witwatersrand
Mitchell A. Cox: University of the Witwatersrand
Fabian Steinlechner: Fraunhofer Institute for Applied Optics and Precision Engineering
Thomas Konrad: University of KwaZulu-Natal
Juan P. Torres: The Barcelona Institute of Science and Technology
Filippus S. Roux: National Metrology Institute of South Africa
Andrew Forbes: University of the Witwatersrand

Nature Communications, 2023, vol. 14, issue 1, 1-9

Abstract: Abstract Information exchange between two distant parties, where information is shared without physically transporting it, is a crucial resource in future quantum networks. Doing so with high-dimensional states offers the promise of higher information capacity and improved resilience to noise, but progress to date has been limited. Here we demonstrate how a nonlinear parametric process allows for arbitrary high-dimensional state projections in the spatial degree of freedom, where a strong coherent field enhances the probability of the process. This allows us to experimentally realise quantum transport of high-dimensional spatial information facilitated by a quantum channel with a single entangled pair and a nonlinear spatial mode detector. Using sum frequency generation we upconvert one of the photons from an entangled pair resulting in high-dimensional spatial information transported to the other. We realise a d = 15 quantum channel for arbitrary photonic spatial modes which we demonstrate by faithfully transferring information encoded into orbital angular momentum, Hermite-Gaussian and arbitrary spatial mode superpositions, without requiring knowledge of the state to be sent. Our demonstration merges the nascent fields of nonlinear control of structured light with quantum processes, offering a new approach to harnessing high-dimensional quantum states, and may be extended to other degrees of freedom too.

Date: 2023
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DOI: 10.1038/s41467-023-43949-x

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