Dispersal from the Qinghai-Tibet plateau by a high-altitude butterfly is associated with rapid expansion and reorganization of its genome

Youjie Zhao, Chengyong Su, Bo He, Ruie Nie, Yunliang Wang, Junye Ma, Jingyu Song, Qun Yang () and Jiasheng Hao ()
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Youjie Zhao: Anhui Normal University
Chengyong Su: Anhui Normal University
Bo He: Anhui Normal University
Ruie Nie: Anhui Normal University
Yunliang Wang: Anhui Normal University
Junye Ma: Chinese Academy of Sciences
Jingyu Song: Shandong Agricultural University
Qun Yang: Chinese Academy of Sciences
Jiasheng Hao: Anhui Normal University

Nature Communications, 2023, vol. 14, issue 1, 1-13

Abstract: Abstract Parnassius glacialis is a typical “Out of the QTP” alpine butterfly that originated on the Qinghai-Tibet Plateau (QTP) and dispersed into relatively low-altitude mountainous. Here we assemble a chromosome-level genome of P. glacialis and resequence 9 populations in order to explore the genome evolution and local adaptation of this species. These results indicated that the rapid accumulation and slow unequal recombination of transposable elements (TEs) contributed to the formation of its large genome. Several ribosomal gene families showed extensive expansion and selective evolution through transposon-mediated processed pseudogenes. Additionally, massive structural variations (SVs) of TEs affected the genetic differentiation of low-altitude populations. These low-altitude populations might have experienced a genetic bottleneck in the past and harbor genes with selective signatures which may be responsible for the potential adaptation to low-altitude environments. These results provide a foundation for understanding genome evolution and local adaptation for “Out of the QTP” of P. glacialis.

Date: 2023
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DOI: 10.1038/s41467-023-44023-2

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