Hyperbolic exciton polaritons in a van der Waals magnet

Francesco L. Ruta (), Shuai Zhang (), Yinming Shao, Samuel L. Moore, Swagata Acharya, Zhiyuan Sun, Siyuan Qiu, Johannes Geurs, Brian S. Y. Kim, Matthew Fu, Daniel G. Chica, Dimitar Pashov, Xiaodong Xu, Di Xiao, Milan Delor, X-Y. Zhu, Andrew J. Millis, Xavier Roy, James C. Hone, Cory R. Dean, Mikhail I. Katsnelson, Mark Schilfgaarde and D. N. Basov ()
Additional contact information
Francesco L. Ruta: Columbia University
Shuai Zhang: Columbia University
Yinming Shao: Columbia University
Samuel L. Moore: Columbia University
Swagata Acharya: National Renewable Energy Laboratory
Zhiyuan Sun: Columbia University
Siyuan Qiu: Columbia University
Johannes Geurs: Columbia University
Brian S. Y. Kim: Columbia University
Matthew Fu: Columbia University
Daniel G. Chica: Columbia University
Dimitar Pashov: King’s College London
Xiaodong Xu: University of Washington
Di Xiao: University of Washington
Milan Delor: Columbia University
X-Y. Zhu: Columbia University
Andrew J. Millis: Columbia University
Xavier Roy: Columbia University
James C. Hone: Columbia University
Cory R. Dean: Columbia University
Mikhail I. Katsnelson: Radboud University
Mark Schilfgaarde: National Renewable Energy Laboratory
D. N. Basov: Columbia University

Nature Communications, 2023, vol. 14, issue 1, 1-9

Abstract: Abstract Exciton polaritons are quasiparticles of photons coupled strongly to bound electron-hole pairs, manifesting as an anti-crossing light dispersion near an exciton resonance. Highly anisotropic semiconductors with opposite-signed permittivities along different crystal axes are predicted to host exotic modes inside the anti-crossing called hyperbolic exciton polaritons (HEPs), which confine light subdiffractionally with enhanced density of states. Here, we show observational evidence of steady-state HEPs in the van der Waals magnet chromium sulfide bromide (CrSBr) using a cryogenic near-infrared near-field microscope. At low temperatures, in the magnetically-ordered state, anisotropic exciton resonances sharpen, driving the permittivity negative along one crystal axis and enabling HEP propagation. We characterize HEP momentum and losses in CrSBr, also demonstrating coupling to excitonic sidebands and enhancement by magnetic order: which boosts exciton spectral weight via wavefunction delocalization. Our findings open new pathways to nanoscale manipulation of excitons and light, including routes to magnetic, nonlocal, and quantum polaritonics.

Date: 2023
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DOI: 10.1038/s41467-023-44100-6

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