Differential responses of the gut microbiome and resistome to antibiotic exposures in infants and adults

Xuanji Li, Asker Brejnrod, Jonathan Thorsen, Trine Zachariasen, Urvish Trivedi, Jakob Russel, Gisle Alberg Vestergaard, Jakob Stokholm, Morten Arendt Rasmussen () and Søren Johannes Sørensen ()
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Xuanji Li: University of Copenhagen
Asker Brejnrod: Technical University of Denmark, Section of Bioinformatics
Jonathan Thorsen: University of Copenhagen
Trine Zachariasen: Technical University of Denmark, Section of Bioinformatics
Urvish Trivedi: University of Copenhagen
Jakob Russel: University of Copenhagen
Gisle Alberg Vestergaard: Technical University of Denmark, Section of Bioinformatics
Jakob Stokholm: University of Copenhagen
Morten Arendt Rasmussen: University of Copenhagen
Søren Johannes Sørensen: University of Copenhagen

Nature Communications, 2023, vol. 14, issue 1, 1-16

Abstract: Abstract Despite their crucial importance for human health, there is still relatively limited knowledge on how the gut resistome changes or responds to antibiotic treatment across ages, especially in the latter case. Here, we use fecal metagenomic data from 662 Danish infants and 217 young adults to fill this gap. The gut resistomes are characterized by a bimodal distribution driven by E. coli composition. The typical profile of the gut resistome differs significantly between adults and infants, with the latter distinguished by higher gene and plasmid abundances. However, the predominant antibiotic resistance genes (ARGs) are the same. Antibiotic treatment reduces bacterial diversity and increased ARG and plasmid abundances in both cohorts, especially core ARGs. The effects of antibiotic treatments on the gut microbiome last longer in adults than in infants, and different antibiotics are associated with distinct impacts. Overall, this study broadens our current understanding of gut resistome dynamics and the impact of antibiotic treatment across age groups.

Date: 2023
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DOI: 10.1038/s41467-023-44289-6

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