Release of CD36-associated cell-free mitochondrial DNA and RNA as a hallmark of space environment response

Nailil Husna, Tatsuya Aiba, Shin-Ichiro Fujita, Yoshika Saito, Dai Shiba, Takashi Kudo, Satoru Takahashi, Satoshi Furukawa and Masafumi Muratani ()
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Nailil Husna: University of Tsukuba
Tatsuya Aiba: Japan Aerospace Exploration Agency (JAXA)
Shin-Ichiro Fujita: University of Tsukuba
Yoshika Saito: Kyoto University
Dai Shiba: Japan Aerospace Exploration Agency (JAXA)
Takashi Kudo: University of Tsukuba
Satoru Takahashi: University of Tsukuba
Satoshi Furukawa: Japan Aerospace Exploration Agency (JAXA)
Masafumi Muratani: University of Tsukuba

Nature Communications, 2024, vol. 15, issue 1, 1-15

Abstract: Abstract A detailed understanding of how spaceflight affects human health is essential for long-term space exploration. Liquid biopsies allow for minimally-invasive multi-omics assessments that can resolve the molecular heterogeneity of internal tissues. Here, we report initial results from the JAXA Cell-Free Epigenome Study, a liquid biopsy study with six astronauts who resided on the International Space Station (ISS) for more than 120 days. Analysis of plasma cell-free RNA (cfRNA) collected before, during, and after spaceflight confirms previously reported mitochondrial dysregulation in space. Screening with 361 cell surface marker antibodies identifies a mitochondrial DNA-enriched fraction associated with the scavenger receptor CD36. RNA-sequencing of the CD36 fraction reveals tissue-enriched RNA species, suggesting the plasma mitochondrial components originated from various tissues. We compare our plasma cfRNA data to mouse plasma cfRNA data from a previous JAXA mission, which had used on-board artificial gravity, and discover a link between microgravity and the observed mitochondrial responses.

Date: 2024
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DOI: 10.1038/s41467-023-41995-z

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