Parity-conserving Cooper-pair transport and ideal superconducting diode in planar germanium

Marco Valentini (), Oliver Sagi, Levon Baghumyan, Thijs Gijsel, Jason Jung, Stefano Calcaterra, Andrea Ballabio, Juan Aguilera Servin, Kushagra Aggarwal, Marian Janik, Thomas Adletzberger, Rubén Seoane Souto, Martin Leijnse, Jeroen Danon, Constantin Schrade, Erik Bakkers, Daniel Chrastina, Giovanni Isella and Georgios Katsaros ()
Additional contact information
Marco Valentini: Institute of Science and Technology Austria
Oliver Sagi: Institute of Science and Technology Austria
Levon Baghumyan: Institute of Science and Technology Austria
Thijs Gijsel: Institute of Science and Technology Austria
Jason Jung: Eindhoven University of Technology
Stefano Calcaterra: Politecnico di Milano
Andrea Ballabio: Politecnico di Milano
Juan Aguilera Servin: Institute of Science and Technology Austria
Kushagra Aggarwal: Institute of Science and Technology Austria
Marian Janik: Institute of Science and Technology Austria
Thomas Adletzberger: Institute of Science and Technology Austria
Rubén Seoane Souto: University of Copenhagen
Martin Leijnse: Lund University
Jeroen Danon: Norwegian University of Science and Technology
Constantin Schrade: Hearne Institute for Theoretical Physics, Department of Physics and Astronomy, Louisiana State University
Erik Bakkers: Eindhoven University of Technology
Daniel Chrastina: Politecnico di Milano
Giovanni Isella: Politecnico di Milano
Georgios Katsaros: Institute of Science and Technology Austria

Nature Communications, 2024, vol. 15, issue 1, 1-10

Abstract: Abstract Superconductor/semiconductor hybrid devices have attracted increasing interest in the past years. Superconducting electronics aims to complement semiconductor technology, while hybrid architectures are at the forefront of new ideas such as topological superconductivity and protected qubits. In this work, we engineer the induced superconductivity in two-dimensional germanium hole gas by varying the distance between the quantum well and the aluminum. We demonstrate a hard superconducting gap and realize an electrically and flux tunable superconducting diode using a superconducting quantum interference device (SQUID). This allows to tune the current phase relation (CPR), to a regime where single Cooper pair tunneling is suppressed, creating a $$\sin \left(2\varphi \right)$$ sin 2 φ CPR. Shapiro experiments complement this interpretation and the microwave drive allows to create a diode with ≈ 100% efficiency. The reported results open up the path towards integration of spin qubit devices, microwave resonators and (protected) superconducting qubits on the same silicon technology compatible platform.

Date: 2024
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DOI: 10.1038/s41467-023-44114-0

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