Distributed quantum sensing of multiple phases with fewer photons

Dong-Hyun Kim, Seongjin Hong, Yong-Su Kim, Yosep Kim, Seung-Woo Lee, Raphael C. Pooser, Kyunghwan Oh, Su-Yong Lee, Changhyoup Lee and Hyang-Tag Lim ()
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Dong-Hyun Kim: Korea Institute of Science and Technology (KIST)
Seongjin Hong: Chung-Ang University
Yong-Su Kim: Korea Institute of Science and Technology (KIST)
Yosep Kim: Korea Institute of Science and Technology (KIST)
Seung-Woo Lee: Korea Institute of Science and Technology (KIST)
Raphael C. Pooser: Oak Ridge National Laboratory
Kyunghwan Oh: Yonsei University
Su-Yong Lee: Agency for Defense Development
Changhyoup Lee: Korea Research Institute of Standards and Science
Hyang-Tag Lim: Korea Institute of Science and Technology (KIST)

Nature Communications, 2024, vol. 15, issue 1, 1-6

Abstract: Abstract Distributed quantum metrology has drawn intense interest as it outperforms the optimal classical counterparts in estimating multiple distributed parameters. However, most schemes so far have required entangled resources consisting of photon numbers equal to or more than the parameter numbers, which is a fairly demanding requirement as the number of nodes increases. Here, we present a distributed quantum sensing scenario in which quantum-enhanced sensitivity can be achieved with fewer photons than the number of parameters. As an experimental demonstration, using a two-photon entangled state, we estimate four phases distributed 3 km away from the central node, resulting in a 2.2 dB sensitivity enhancement from the standard quantum limit. Our results show that the Heisenberg scaling can be achieved even when using fewer photons than the number of parameters. We believe our scheme will open a pathway to perform large-scale distributed quantum sensing with currently available entangled sources.

Date: 2024
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DOI: 10.1038/s41467-023-44204-z

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