IgM N-glycosylation correlates with COVID-19 severity and rate of complement deposition

Benjamin S. Haslund-Gourley, Kyra Woloszczuk, Jintong Hou, Jennifer Connors, Gina Cusimano, Mathew Bell, Bhavani Taramangalam, Slim Fourati, Nathan Mege, Mariana Bernui, Matthew C. Altman, Florian Krammer, Harm Bakel, Holden T. Maecker, Nadine Rouphael, Joann Diray-Arce, Brian Wigdahl, Michele A. Kutzler, Charles B. Cairns, Elias K. Haddad () and Mary Ann Comunale ()
Additional contact information
Benjamin S. Haslund-Gourley: Drexel University/Tower Health Hospital
Kyra Woloszczuk: Drexel University/Tower Health Hospital
Jintong Hou: Drexel University/Tower Health Hospital
Jennifer Connors: Drexel University/Tower Health Hospital
Gina Cusimano: Drexel University/Tower Health Hospital
Mathew Bell: Drexel University/Tower Health Hospital
Bhavani Taramangalam: Drexel University/Tower Health Hospital
Slim Fourati: Emory University
Nathan Mege: Drexel University/Tower Health Hospital
Mariana Bernui: Drexel University/Tower Health Hospital
Matthew C. Altman: Benaroya Research Institute
Florian Krammer: Department of Microbiology, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai
Harm Bakel: Department of Microbiology, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai
Holden T. Maecker: Stanford University
Nadine Rouphael: Emory University
Joann Diray-Arce: Clinical & Data Coordinating Center (CDCC); Precision Vaccines Program, Boston Children’s Hospital
Brian Wigdahl: Drexel University/Tower Health Hospital
Michele A. Kutzler: Drexel University/Tower Health Hospital
Charles B. Cairns: Drexel University/Tower Health Hospital
Elias K. Haddad: Drexel University/Tower Health Hospital
Mary Ann Comunale: Drexel University/Tower Health Hospital

Nature Communications, 2024, vol. 15, issue 1, 1-19

Abstract: Abstract The glycosylation of IgG plays a critical role during human severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) infection, activating immune cells and inducing cytokine production. However, the role of IgM N-glycosylation has not been studied during human acute viral infection. The analysis of IgM N-glycosylation from healthy controls and hospitalized coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) patients reveals increased high-mannose and sialylation that correlates with COVID-19 severity. These trends are confirmed within SARS-CoV-2-specific immunoglobulin N-glycan profiles. Moreover, the degree of total IgM mannosylation and sialylation correlate significantly with markers of disease severity. We link the changes of IgM N-glycosylation with the expression of Golgi glycosyltransferases. Lastly, we observe antigen-specific IgM antibody-dependent complement deposition is elevated in severe COVID-19 patients and modulated by exoglycosidase digestion. Taken together, this work links the IgM N-glycosylation with COVID-19 severity and highlights the need to understand IgM glycosylation and downstream immune function during human disease.

Date: 2024
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DOI: 10.1038/s41467-023-44211-0

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