BCG vaccination-induced acquired control of mycobacterial growth differs from growth control preexisting to BCG vaccination

Krista E. Meijgaarden, Wenchao Li, Simone J. C. F. M. Moorlag, Valerie A. C. M. Koeken, Hans J. P. M. Koenen, Leo A. B. Joosten, Annapurna Vyakarnam, Asma Ahmed, Srabanti Rakshit, Vasista Adiga, Tom H. M. Ottenhoff, Yang Li, Mihai G. Netea and Simone A. Joosten ()
Additional contact information
Krista E. Meijgaarden: Leiden University Medical Center
Wenchao Li: Centre for Individualised Infection Medicine (CiiM), a joint venture between the Helmholtz-Centre for Infection Research (HZI) and the Hannover Medical School (MHH)
Simone J. C. F. M. Moorlag: Radboud University Medical Center
Valerie A. C. M. Koeken: Centre for Individualised Infection Medicine (CiiM), a joint venture between the Helmholtz-Centre for Infection Research (HZI) and the Hannover Medical School (MHH)
Hans J. P. M. Koenen: Radboud University Medical Center
Leo A. B. Joosten: Radboud University Medical Center
Annapurna Vyakarnam: Indian Institute of Science
Asma Ahmed: Indian Institute of Science
Srabanti Rakshit: Indian Institute of Science
Vasista Adiga: Indian Institute of Science
Tom H. M. Ottenhoff: Leiden University Medical Center
Yang Li: Centre for Individualised Infection Medicine (CiiM), a joint venture between the Helmholtz-Centre for Infection Research (HZI) and the Hannover Medical School (MHH)
Mihai G. Netea: Radboud University Medical Center
Simone A. Joosten: Leiden University Medical Center

Nature Communications, 2024, vol. 15, issue 1, 1-15

Abstract: Abstract Bacillus Calmette-Guèrin - vaccination induces not only protection in infants and young children against severe forms of tuberculosis, but also against non-tuberculosis related all-cause mortality. To delineate different factors influencing mycobacterial growth control, here we first investigate the effects of BCG-vaccination in healthy Dutch adults. About a quarter of individuals already control BCG-growth prior to vaccination, whereas a quarter of the vaccinees acquires the capacity to control BCG upon vaccination. This leaves half of the population incapable to control BCG-growth. Single cell RNA sequencing identifies multiple processes associated with mycobacterial growth control. These data suggest (i) that already controllers employ different mechanisms to control BCG-growth than acquired controllers, and (ii) that half of the individuals fail to develop measurable growth control irrespective of BCG-vaccination. These results shed important new light on the variable immune responses to mycobacteria in humans and may impact on improved vaccination against tuberculosis and other diseases.

Date: 2024
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DOI: 10.1038/s41467-023-44252-5

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