Incidence and transmission of respiratory syncytial virus in urban and rural South Africa, 2017-2018

Cheryl Cohen (), Jackie Kleynhans, Jocelyn Moyes, Meredith L. McMorrow, Florette K. Treurnicht, Orienka Hellferscee, Nicole Wolter, Neil A. Martinson, Kathleen Kahn, Limakatso Lebina, Katlego Mothlaoleng, Floidy Wafawanaka, Francesc Xavier Gómez-Olivé, Thulisa Mkhencele, Azwifarwi Mathunjwa, Maimuna Carrim, Angela Mathee, Stuart Piketh, Brigitte Language, Anne Gottberg and Stefano Tempia
Additional contact information
Cheryl Cohen: National Institute for Communicable Diseases of the National Health Laboratory Service
Jackie Kleynhans: National Institute for Communicable Diseases of the National Health Laboratory Service
Jocelyn Moyes: National Institute for Communicable Diseases of the National Health Laboratory Service
Meredith L. McMorrow: Centers for Disease Control and Prevention
Florette K. Treurnicht: National Institute for Communicable Diseases of the National Health Laboratory Service
Orienka Hellferscee: National Institute for Communicable Diseases of the National Health Laboratory Service
Nicole Wolter: National Institute for Communicable Diseases of the National Health Laboratory Service
Neil A. Martinson: MRC Soweto Matlosana Collaborating Centre for HIV/AIDS and TB, University of the Witwatersrand
Kathleen Kahn: Faculty of Health Sciences, School of Public Health, University of the Witwatersrand
Limakatso Lebina: MRC Soweto Matlosana Collaborating Centre for HIV/AIDS and TB, University of the Witwatersrand
Katlego Mothlaoleng: MRC Soweto Matlosana Collaborating Centre for HIV/AIDS and TB, University of the Witwatersrand
Floidy Wafawanaka: Faculty of Health Sciences, School of Public Health, University of the Witwatersrand
Francesc Xavier Gómez-Olivé: Faculty of Health Sciences, School of Public Health, University of the Witwatersrand
Thulisa Mkhencele: National Institute for Communicable Diseases of the National Health Laboratory Service
Azwifarwi Mathunjwa: National Institute for Communicable Diseases of the National Health Laboratory Service
Maimuna Carrim: National Institute for Communicable Diseases of the National Health Laboratory Service
Angela Mathee: South African Medical Research Council
Stuart Piketh: Unit for Environmental Science and Management, Climatology Research Group, North-West University
Brigitte Language: Unit for Environmental Science and Management, Climatology Research Group, North-West University
Anne Gottberg: National Institute for Communicable Diseases of the National Health Laboratory Service
Stefano Tempia: Faculty of Health Sciences, University of the Witwatersrand

Nature Communications, 2024, vol. 15, issue 1, 1-11

Abstract: Abstract Data on respiratory syncytial virus (RSV) incidence and household transmission are limited. To describe RSV incidence and transmission, we conducted a prospective cohort study in rural and urban communities in South Africa over two seasons during 2017-2018. Nasopharyngeal swabs were collected twice-weekly for 10 months annually and tested for RSV using PCR. We tested 81,430 samples from 1,116 participants in 225 households (follow-up 90%). 32% (359/1116) of individuals had ≥1 RSV infection; 10% (37/359) had repeat infection during the same season, 33% (132/396) of infections were symptomatic, and 2% (9/396) sought medical care. Incidence was 47.2 infections/100 person-years and highest in children 10 days were more likely to transmit; household contacts aged 1-4 years vs. ≥65 years were more likely to acquire infection. Within two South African communities, RSV attack rate was high, and most infections asymptomatic. Young children were more likely to introduce RSV into the home, and to be infected. Future studies should examine whether vaccines targeting children aged

Date: 2024
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DOI: 10.1038/s41467-023-44275-y

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