Evolutionary trajectory of pattern recognition receptors in plants

Bruno Pok Man Ngou, Michele Wyler, Marc W. Schmid, Yasuhiro Kadota () and Ken Shirasu ()
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Bruno Pok Man Ngou: RIKEN Center for Sustainable Resource Science
Michele Wyler: MWSchmid GmbH
Marc W. Schmid: MWSchmid GmbH
Yasuhiro Kadota: RIKEN Center for Sustainable Resource Science
Ken Shirasu: RIKEN Center for Sustainable Resource Science

Nature Communications, 2024, vol. 15, issue 1, 1-22

Abstract: Abstract Cell-surface receptors play pivotal roles in many biological processes, including immunity, development, and reproduction, across diverse organisms. How cell-surface receptors evolve to become specialised in different biological processes remains elusive. To shed light on the immune-specificity of cell-surface receptors, we analyzed more than 200,000 genes encoding cell-surface receptors from 350 genomes and traced the evolutionary origin of immune-specific leucine-rich repeat receptor-like proteins (LRR-RLPs) in plants. Surprisingly, we discovered that the motifs crucial for co-receptor interaction in LRR-RLPs are closely related to those of the LRR-receptor-like kinase (RLK) subgroup Xb, which perceives phytohormones and primarily governs growth and development. Functional characterisation further reveals that LRR-RLPs initiate immune responses through their juxtamembrane and transmembrane regions, while LRR-RLK-Xb members regulate development through their cytosolic kinase domains. Our data suggest that the cell-surface receptors involved in immunity and development share a common origin. After diversification, their ectodomains, juxtamembrane, transmembrane, and cytosolic regions have either diversified or stabilised to recognise diverse ligands and activate differential downstream responses. Our work reveals a mechanism by which plants evolve to perceive diverse signals to activate the appropriate responses in a rapidly changing environment.

Date: 2024
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DOI: 10.1038/s41467-023-44408-3

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