Subtractive transformation of cathode materials in spent Li-ion batteries to a low-cobalt 5 V-class cathode material

Jun Ma, Junxiong Wang (), Kai Jia, Zheng Liang, Guanjun Ji, Haocheng Ji, Yanfei Zhu, Wen Chen, Hui-Ming Cheng () and Guangmin Zhou ()
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Jun Ma: Tsinghua University
Junxiong Wang: Tsinghua University
Kai Jia: Tsinghua University
Zheng Liang: Shanghai Jiao Tong University
Guanjun Ji: Tsinghua University
Haocheng Ji: Tsinghua University
Yanfei Zhu: Tsinghua University
Wen Chen: Tsinghua University
Hui-Ming Cheng: Faculty of Materials Science and Energy Engineering/Institute of Technology for Carbon Neutrality, Shenzhen Institute of Advanced Technology, Chinese Academy of Science
Guangmin Zhou: Tsinghua University

Nature Communications, 2024, vol. 15, issue 1, 1-10

Abstract: Abstract Adding extra raw materials for direct recycling or upcycling is prospective for battery recycling, but overlooks subtracting specific components beforehand can facilitate the recycling to a self-sufficient mode of sustainable production. Here, a subtractive transformation strategy of degraded LiNi0.5Co0.2Mn0.3O2 and LiMn2O4 to a 5 V-class disordered spinel LiNi0.5Mn1.5O4-like cathode material is proposed. Equal amounts of Co and Ni from degraded materials are selectively extracted, and the remaining transition metals are directly converted into Ni0.4Co0.1Mn1.5(CO3)2 precursor for preparing cathode material with in-situ Co doping. The cathode material with improved conductivity and bond strength delivers high-rate (10 C and 20 C) and high-temperature (60 °C) cycling stability. This strategy with no extra precursor input can be generalized to practical degraded black mass and reduces the dependence of current cathode production on rare elements, showing the potential of upcycling from the spent to a next-generation 5 V-class cathode material for the sustainable Li-ion battery industry.

Date: 2024
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DOI: 10.1038/s41467-024-45091-8

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