A universal metabolite repair enzyme removes a strong inhibitor of the TCA cycle

Anthony J. Zmuda, Xiaojun Kang, Katie B. Wissbroecker, Katrina Freund Saxhaug, Kyle C. Costa, Adrian D. Hegeman and Thomas D. Niehaus ()
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Anthony J. Zmuda: University of Minnesota, Twin Cities
Xiaojun Kang: University of Minnesota, Twin Cities
Katie B. Wissbroecker: University of Minnesota, Twin Cities
Katrina Freund Saxhaug: University of Minnesota, Twin Cities
Kyle C. Costa: University of Minnesota, Twin Cities
Adrian D. Hegeman: University of Minnesota, Twin Cities
Thomas D. Niehaus: University of Minnesota, Twin Cities

Nature Communications, 2024, vol. 15, issue 1, 1-12

Abstract: Abstract A prevalent side-reaction of succinate dehydrogenase oxidizes malate to enol-oxaloacetate (OAA), a metabolically inactive form of OAA that is a strong inhibitor of succinate dehydrogenase. We purified from cow heart mitochondria an enzyme (OAT1) with OAA tautomerase (OAT) activity that converts enol-OAA to the physiological keto-OAA form, and determined that it belongs to the highly conserved and previously uncharacterized Fumarylacetoacetate_hydrolase_domain-containing protein family. From all three domains of life, heterologously expressed proteins were shown to have strong OAT activity, and ablating the OAT1 homolog caused significant growth defects. In Escherichia coli, expression of succinate dehydrogenase was necessary for OAT1-associated growth defects to occur, and ablating OAT1 caused a significant increase in acetate and other metabolites associated with anaerobic respiration. OAT1 increased the succinate dehydrogenase reaction rate by 35% in in vitro assays with physiological concentrations of both succinate and malate. Our results suggest that OAT1 is a universal metabolite repair enzyme that is required to maximize aerobic respiration efficiency by preventing succinate dehydrogenase inhibition.

Date: 2024
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DOI: 10.1038/s41467-024-45134-0

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