Humoral profiles of toddlers and young children following SARS-CoV-2 mRNA vaccination

Nadège Nziza, Yixiang Deng, Lianna Wood, Navneet Dhanoa, Naomi Dulit-Greenberg, Tina Chen, Abigail S. Kane, Zoe Swank, Jameson P. Davis, Melina Demokritou, Anagha P. Chitnis, Alessio Fasano, Andrea G. Edlow, Nitya Jain, Bruce H. Horwitz, Ryan P. McNamara, David R. Walt, Douglas A. Lauffenburger, Boris Julg, Wayne G. Shreffler, Galit Alter and Lael M. Yonker ()
Additional contact information
Nadège Nziza: Ragon Institute of MGH, MIT, and Harvard
Yixiang Deng: Ragon Institute of MGH, MIT, and Harvard
Lianna Wood: Ragon Institute of MGH, MIT, and Harvard
Navneet Dhanoa: Massachusetts General Hospital, Department of Pediatrics
Naomi Dulit-Greenberg: Massachusetts General Hospital, Department of Pediatrics
Tina Chen: Ragon Institute of MGH, MIT, and Harvard
Abigail S. Kane: Massachusetts General Hospital, Department of Pediatrics
Zoe Swank: Harvard Medical School
Jameson P. Davis: Massachusetts General Hospital, Mucosal Immunology and Biology Research Center
Melina Demokritou: Massachusetts General Hospital, Department of Pediatrics
Anagha P. Chitnis: Massachusetts General Hospital, Mucosal Immunology and Biology Research Center
Alessio Fasano: Massachusetts General Hospital, Department of Pediatrics
Andrea G. Edlow: Harvard Medical School
Nitya Jain: Massachusetts General Hospital, Department of Pediatrics
Bruce H. Horwitz: Harvard Medical School
Ryan P. McNamara: Ragon Institute of MGH, MIT, and Harvard
David R. Walt: Harvard Medical School
Douglas A. Lauffenburger: Massachusetts Institute of Technology
Boris Julg: Ragon Institute of MGH, MIT, and Harvard
Wayne G. Shreffler: Massachusetts General Hospital, Department of Pediatrics
Galit Alter: Ragon Institute of MGH, MIT, and Harvard
Lael M. Yonker: Massachusetts General Hospital, Department of Pediatrics

Nature Communications, 2024, vol. 15, issue 1, 1-10

Abstract: Abstract Although young children generally experience mild symptoms following infection with SARS-CoV-2, severe acute and long-term complications can occur. SARS-CoV-2 mRNA vaccines elicit robust immunoglobulin profiles in children ages 5 years and older, and in adults, corresponding with substantial protection against hospitalizations and severe disease. Whether similar immune responses and humoral protection can be observed in vaccinated infants and young children, who have a developing and vulnerable immune system, remains poorly understood. To study the impact of mRNA vaccination on the humoral immunity of infant, we use a system serology approach to comprehensively profile antibody responses in a cohort of children ages 6 months to 5 years who were vaccinated with the mRNA-1273 COVID-19 vaccine (25 μg). Responses are compared with vaccinated adults (100 μg), in addition to naturally infected toddlers and young children. Despite their lower vaccine dose, vaccinated toddlers elicit a functional antibody response as strong as adults, with higher antibody-dependent phagocytosis compared to adults, without report of side effects. Moreover, mRNA vaccination is associated with a higher IgG3-dependent humoral profile against SARS-CoV-2 compared to natural infection, supporting that mRNA vaccination is effective at eliciting a robust antibody response in toddlers and young children.

Date: 2024
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DOI: 10.1038/s41467-024-45181-7

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