Identification of potential aggregation hotspots on Aβ42 fibrils blocked by the anti-amyloid chaperone-like BRICHOS domain

Rakesh Kumar, Tanguy Marchand, Laurène Adam, Raitis Bobrovs, Gefei Chen, Jēkabs Fridmanis, Nina Kronqvist, Henrik Biverstål, Kristaps Jaudzems, Jan Johansson, Guido Pintacuda and Axel Abelein ()
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Rakesh Kumar: Karolinska Institutet
Tanguy Marchand: Université de Lyon, Centre de Resonance Magnétique Nucléaire (CRMN) à Très Hauts Champs de Lyon (UMR 5082 - CNRS, ENS Lyon, UCB Lyon 1)
Laurène Adam: Karolinska Institutet
Raitis Bobrovs: Latvian Institute of Organic Synthesis
Gefei Chen: Karolinska Institutet
Jēkabs Fridmanis: Latvian Institute of Organic Synthesis
Nina Kronqvist: Karolinska Institutet
Henrik Biverstål: Karolinska Institutet
Kristaps Jaudzems: Latvian Institute of Organic Synthesis
Jan Johansson: Karolinska Institutet
Guido Pintacuda: Université de Lyon, Centre de Resonance Magnétique Nucléaire (CRMN) à Très Hauts Champs de Lyon (UMR 5082 - CNRS, ENS Lyon, UCB Lyon 1)
Axel Abelein: Karolinska Institutet

Nature Communications, 2024, vol. 15, issue 1, 1-10

Abstract: Abstract Protein misfolding can generate toxic intermediates, which underlies several devastating diseases, such as Alzheimer’s disease (AD). The surface of AD-associated amyloid-β peptide (Aβ) fibrils has been suggested to act as a catalyzer for self-replication and generation of potentially toxic species. Specifically tailored molecular chaperones, such as the BRICHOS protein domain, were shown to bind to amyloid fibrils and break this autocatalytic cycle. Here, we identify a site on the Aβ42 fibril surface, consisting of three C-terminal β-strands and particularly the solvent-exposed β-strand stretching from residues 26–28, which is efficiently sensed by a designed variant of Bri2 BRICHOS. Remarkably, while only a low amount of BRICHOS binds to Aβ42 fibrils, fibril-catalyzed nucleation processes are effectively prevented, suggesting that the identified site acts as a catalytic aggregation hotspot, which can specifically be blocked by BRICHOS. Hence, these findings provide an understanding how toxic nucleation events can be targeted by molecular chaperones.

Date: 2024
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DOI: 10.1038/s41467-024-45192-4

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