Ran-GTP assembles a specialized spindle structure for accurate chromosome segregation in medaka early embryos

Ai Kiyomitsu, Toshiya Nishimura, Shiang Jyi Hwang, Satoshi Ansai, Masato T. Kanemaki, Minoru Tanaka and Tomomi Kiyomitsu ()
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Ai Kiyomitsu: Okinawa Institute of Science and Technology Graduate University
Toshiya Nishimura: Nagoya University, Chikusa-ku
Shiang Jyi Hwang: Okinawa Institute of Science and Technology Graduate University
Satoshi Ansai: Tohoku University
Masato T. Kanemaki: Research Organization of Information and Systems (ROIS), and Graduate Institute for Advanced Studies
Minoru Tanaka: Nagoya University, Chikusa-ku
Tomomi Kiyomitsu: Okinawa Institute of Science and Technology Graduate University

Nature Communications, 2024, vol. 15, issue 1, 1-19

Abstract: Abstract Despite drastic cellular changes during cleavage, a mitotic spindle assembles in each blastomere to accurately segregate duplicated chromosomes. Mechanisms of mitotic spindle assembly have been extensively studied using small somatic cells. However, mechanisms of spindle assembly in large vertebrate embryos remain little understood. Here, we establish functional assay systems in medaka (Oryzias latipes) embryos by combining CRISPR knock-in with auxin-inducible degron technology. Live imaging reveals several unexpected features of microtubule organization and centrosome positioning that achieve rapid, accurate cleavage. Importantly, Ran-GTP assembles a dense microtubule network at the metaphase spindle center that is essential for chromosome segregation in early embryos. This unique spindle structure is remodeled into a typical short, somatic-like spindle after blastula stages, when Ran-GTP becomes dispensable for chromosome segregation. We propose that despite the presence of centrosomes, the chromosome-derived Ran-GTP pathway has essential roles in functional spindle assembly in large, rapidly dividing vertebrate early embryos, similar to acentrosomal spindle assembly in oocytes.

Date: 2024
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DOI: 10.1038/s41467-024-45251-w

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