A rechargeable Ca/Cl2 battery

Shitao Geng, Xiaoju Zhao, Qiuchen Xu, Bin Yuan, Yan Wang, Meng Liao, Lei Ye, Shuo Wang, Zhaofeng Ouyang, Liang Wu, Yongyang Wang, Chenyan Ma, Xiaojuan Zhao and Hao Sun ()
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Shitao Geng: Shanghai Jiao Tong University
Xiaoju Zhao: Shanghai Jiao Tong University
Qiuchen Xu: Shanghai Jiao Tong University
Bin Yuan: Shanghai Jiao Tong University
Yan Wang: Shanghai Jiao Tong University
Meng Liao: The Pennsylvania State University, University Park
Lei Ye: The Pennsylvania State University, University Park
Shuo Wang: Shanghai Jiao Tong University
Zhaofeng Ouyang: Shanghai Jiao Tong University
Liang Wu: Shanghai Jiao Tong University
Yongyang Wang: Chinese Academy of Sciences
Chenyan Ma: Chinese Academy of Sciences
Xiaojuan Zhao: Chinese Academy of Sciences
Hao Sun: Shanghai Jiao Tong University

Nature Communications, 2024, vol. 15, issue 1, 1-8

Abstract: Abstract Rechargeable calcium (Ca) metal batteries are promising candidates for sustainable energy storage due to the abundance of Ca in Earth’s crust and the advantageous theoretical capacity and voltage of these batteries. However, the development of practical Ca metal batteries has been severely hampered by the current cathode chemistries, which limit the available energy and power densities, as well as their insufficient capacity retention and low-temperature capability. Here, we describe the rechargeable Ca/Cl2 battery based on a reversible cathode redox reaction between CaCl2 and Cl2, which is enabled by the use of lithium difluoro(oxalate)borate as a key electrolyte mediator to facilitate the dissociation and distribution of Cl-based species and Ca2+. Our rechargeable Ca/Cl2 battery can deliver discharge voltages of 3 V and exhibits remarkable specific capacity (1000 mAh g−1) and rate capability (500 mA g−1). In addition, the excellent capacity retention (96.5% after 30 days) and low-temperature capability (down to 0 °C) allow us to overcome the long-standing bottleneck of rechargeable Ca metal batteries.

Date: 2024
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DOI: 10.1038/s41467-024-45347-3

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