An intranasal live-attenuated SARS-CoV-2 vaccine limits virus transmission

Julia M. Adler, Ricardo Martin Vidal, Christine Langner, Daria Vladimirova, Azza Abdelgawad, Daniela Kunecova, Xiaoyuan Lin, Geraldine Nouailles, Anne Voss, Sandra Kunder, Achim D. Gruber, Haibo Wu, Nikolaus Osterrieder, Dusan Kunec and Jakob Trimpert ()
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Julia M. Adler: Freie Universität Berlin
Ricardo Martin Vidal: Freie Universität Berlin
Christine Langner: Freie Universität Berlin
Daria Vladimirova: Freie Universität Berlin
Azza Abdelgawad: Freie Universität Berlin
Daniela Kunecova: Freie Universität Berlin
Xiaoyuan Lin: Freie Universität Berlin
Geraldine Nouailles: Charité—Universitätsmedizin Berlin, corporate member of Freie Universität Berlin and Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin
Anne Voss: Freie Universität Berlin
Sandra Kunder: Freie Universität Berlin
Achim D. Gruber: Freie Universität Berlin
Haibo Wu: Chongqing University
Nikolaus Osterrieder: Freie Universität Berlin
Dusan Kunec: Freie Universität Berlin
Jakob Trimpert: Freie Universität Berlin

Nature Communications, 2024, vol. 15, issue 1, 1-16

Abstract: Abstract The development of effective SARS-CoV-2 vaccines has been essential to control COVID-19, but significant challenges remain. One problem is intramuscular administration, which does not induce robust mucosal immune responses in the upper airways—the primary site of infection and virus shedding. Here we compare the efficacy of a mucosal, replication-competent yet fully attenuated virus vaccine, sCPD9-ΔFCS, and the monovalent mRNA vaccine BNT162b2 in preventing transmission of SARS-CoV-2 variants B.1 and Omicron BA.5 in two scenarios. Firstly, we assessed the protective efficacy of the vaccines by exposing vaccinated male Syrian hamsters to infected counterparts. Secondly, we evaluated transmission of the challenge virus from vaccinated and subsequently challenged male hamsters to naïve contacts. Our findings demonstrate that the live-attenuated vaccine (LAV) sCPD9-ΔFCS significantly outperformed the mRNA vaccine in preventing virus transmission in both scenarios. Our results provide evidence for the advantages of locally administered LAVs over intramuscularly administered mRNA vaccines in preventing infection and reducing virus transmission.

Date: 2024
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DOI: 10.1038/s41467-024-45348-2

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