The synthetic NLR RGA5HMA5 requires multiple interfaces within and outside the integrated domain for effector recognition

Xin Zhang, Yang Liu, Guixin Yuan, Shiwei Wang, Dongli Wang, Tongtong Zhu, Xuefeng Wu, Mengqi Ma, Liwei Guo, Hailong Guo, Vijai Bhadauria, Junfeng Liu () and You-Liang Peng ()
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Xin Zhang: China Agricultural University
Yang Liu: China Agricultural University
Guixin Yuan: China Agricultural University
Shiwei Wang: China Agricultural University
Dongli Wang: China Agricultural University
Tongtong Zhu: China Agricultural University
Xuefeng Wu: China Agricultural University
Mengqi Ma: China Agricultural University
Liwei Guo: China Agricultural University
Hailong Guo: China Agricultural University
Vijai Bhadauria: China Agricultural University
Junfeng Liu: China Agricultural University
You-Liang Peng: China Agricultural University

Nature Communications, 2024, vol. 15, issue 1, 1-13

Abstract: Abstract Some plant sensor nucleotide-binding leucine-rich repeat (NLR) receptors detect pathogen effectors through their integrated domains (IDs). Rice RGA5 sensor NLR recognizes its corresponding effectors AVR-Pia and AVR1-CO39 from the blast fungus Magnaporthe oryzae through direct binding to its heavy metal-associated (HMA) ID to trigger the RGA4 helper NLR-dependent resistance in rice. Here, we report a mutant of RGA5 named RGA5HMA5 that confers complete resistance in transgenic rice plants to the M. oryzae strains expressing the noncorresponding effector AVR-PikD. RGA5HMA5 carries three engineered interfaces, two of which lie in the HMA ID and the other in the C-terminal Lys-rich stretch tailing the ID. However, RGA5 variants having one or two of the three interfaces, including replacing all the Lys residues with Glu residues in the Lys-rich stretch, failed to activate RGA4-dependent cell death of rice protoplasts. Altogether, this work demonstrates that sensor NLRs require a concerted action of multiple surfaces within and outside the IDs to both recognize effectors and activate helper NLR-mediated resistance, and has implications in structure-guided designing of sensor NLRs.

Date: 2024
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DOI: 10.1038/s41467-024-45380-2

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