Linear and phase controllable terahertz frequency conversion via ultrafast breaking the bond of a meta-molecule

Siyu Duan, Xin Su, Hongsong Qiu, Yushun Jiang, Jingbo Wu (), Kebin Fan, Caihong Zhang, Xiaoqing Jia, Guanghao Zhu, Lin Kang, Xinglong Wu, Huabing Wang, Keyu Xia (), Biaobing Jin (), Jian Chen and Peiheng Wu
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Siyu Duan: Nanjing University
Xin Su: Nanjing University
Hongsong Qiu: Nanjing University
Yushun Jiang: Nanjing University
Jingbo Wu: Nanjing University
Kebin Fan: Nanjing University
Caihong Zhang: Nanjing University
Xiaoqing Jia: Nanjing University
Guanghao Zhu: Nanjing University
Lin Kang: Nanjing University
Xinglong Wu: Nanjing University
Huabing Wang: Nanjing University
Keyu Xia: Nanjing University
Biaobing Jin: Nanjing University
Jian Chen: Nanjing University
Peiheng Wu: Nanjing University

Nature Communications, 2024, vol. 15, issue 1, 1-9

Abstract: Abstract The metasurface platform with time-varying characteristics has emerged as a promising avenue for exploring exotic physics associated with Floquet materials and for designing photonic devices like linear frequency converters. However, the limited availability of materials with ultrafast responses hinders their applications in the terahertz range. Here we present a time-varying metasurface comprising an array of superconductor-metal hybrid meta-molecules. Each meta-molecule consists of two meta-atoms that are “bonded” together by double superconducting microbridges. Through experimental investigations, we demonstrate high-efficiency linear terahertz frequency conversion by rapidly breaking the bond using a coherent ultrashort terahertz pump pulse. The frequency and relative phase of the converted wave exhibit strong dependence on the pump-probe delay, indicating phase controllable wave conversion. The dynamics of the meta-molecules during the frequency conversion process are comprehensively understood using a time-varying coupled mode model. This research not only opens up new possibilities for developing innovative terahertz sources but also provides opportunities for exploring topological dynamics and Floquet physics within metasurfaces.

Date: 2024
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DOI: 10.1038/s41467-024-45416-7

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