Synchrony of Bird Migration with Global Dispersal of Avian Influenza Reveals Exposed Bird Orders

Qiqi Yang (), Ben Wang, Phillipe Lemey, Lu Dong, Tong Mu, R. Alex Wiebe, Fengyi Guo, Nídia Sequeira Trovão, Sang Woo Park, Nicola Lewis, Joseph L.-H. Tsui, Sumali Bajaj, Yachang Cheng, Luojun Yang, Yuki Haba, Bingying Li, Guogang Zhang, Oliver G. Pybus, Huaiyu Tian () and Bryan Grenfell ()
Additional contact information
Qiqi Yang: Princeton University
Ben Wang: Beijing Normal University
Phillipe Lemey: KU Leuven
Lu Dong: Beijing Normal University
Tong Mu: Princeton University
R. Alex Wiebe: Princeton University
Fengyi Guo: Princeton University
Nídia Sequeira Trovão: U.S. National Institutes of Health
Sang Woo Park: Princeton University
Nicola Lewis: Animal and Plant Health Agency-Weybridge, OIE/FAO International Reference Laboratory for Avian Influenza, Swine Influenza and Newcastle Disease Virus, Department of Virology
Joseph L.-H. Tsui: University of Oxford
Sumali Bajaj: University of Oxford
Yachang Cheng: Shenzhen Campus of Sun Yat-sen University
Luojun Yang: Institute for Disease Modeling, Bill and Melinda Gates Foundation
Yuki Haba: Princeton University
Bingying Li: Beijing Normal University
Guogang Zhang: Key Laboratory of Forest Protection of National Forestry and Grassland Administration, Ecology and Nature Conservation Institute, Chinese Academy of Forestry, National Bird Banding Center of China
Oliver G. Pybus: Royal Veterinary College
Huaiyu Tian: Beijing Normal University
Bryan Grenfell: Princeton University

Nature Communications, 2024, vol. 15, issue 1, 1-13

Abstract: Abstract Highly pathogenic avian influenza virus (HPAIV) A H5, particularly clade 2.3.4.4, has caused worldwide outbreaks in domestic poultry, occasional spillover to humans, and increasing deaths of diverse species of wild birds since 2014. Wild bird migration is currently acknowledged as an important ecological process contributing to the global dispersal of HPAIV H5. However, this mechanism has not been quantified using bird movement data from different species, and the timing and location of exposure of different species is unclear. We sought to explore these questions through phylodynamic analyses based on empirical data of bird movement tracking and virus genome sequences of clade 2.3.4.4 and 2.3.2.1. First, we demonstrate that seasonal bird migration can explain salient features of the global dispersal of clade 2.3.4.4. Second, we detect synchrony between the seasonality of bird annual cycle phases and virus lineage movements. We reveal the differing exposed bird orders at geographical origins and destinations of HPAIV H5 clade 2.3.4.4 lineage movements, including relatively under-discussed orders. Our study provides a phylodynamic framework that links the bird movement ecology and genomic epidemiology of avian influenza; it highlights the importance of integrating bird behavior and life history in avian influenza studies.

Date: 2024
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DOI: 10.1038/s41467-024-45462-1

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