Demographic and Clinical Factors Associated With SARS-CoV-2 Spike 1 Antibody Response Among Vaccinated US Adults: the C4R Study

John S. Kim, Yifei Sun, Pallavi Balte, Mary Cushman, Rebekah Boyle, Russell P. Tracy, Linda M. Styer, Taison D. Bell, Michaela R. Anderson, Norrina B. Allen, Pamela J. Schreiner, Russell P. Bowler, David A. Schwartz, Joyce S. Lee, Vanessa Xanthakis, Margaret F. Doyle, Elizabeth A. Regan, Barry J. Make, Alka M. Kanaya, Sally E. Wenzel, Josef Coresh, Carmen R. Isasi, Laura M. Raffield, Mitchell S. V. Elkind, Virginia J. Howard, Victor E. Ortega, Prescott Woodruff, Shelley A. Cole, Joel M. Henderson, Nicholas J. Mantis, Monica M. Parker, Ryan T. Demmer () and Elizabeth C. Oelsner ()
Additional contact information
John S. Kim: University of Virginia School of Medicine
Yifei Sun: Columbia University Mailman School of Public Health
Pallavi Balte: Columbia University Vagelos College of Physicians and Surgeons
Mary Cushman: Larner College of Medicine at the University of Vermont
Rebekah Boyle: Larner College of Medicine at the University of Vermont
Russell P. Tracy: Larner College of Medicine at the University of Vermont
Linda M. Styer: Division of Infectious Diseases, Wadsworth Center, New York State Department of Health
Taison D. Bell: University of Virginia School of Medicine
Michaela R. Anderson: University of Pennsylvania
Norrina B. Allen: Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine
Pamela J. Schreiner: University of Minnesota
Russell P. Bowler: National Jewish Health
David A. Schwartz: University of Colorado School of Medicine
Joyce S. Lee: University of Colorado School of Medicine
Vanessa Xanthakis: Boston University Chobanian and Avedisian School of Medicine
Margaret F. Doyle: Larner College of Medicine at the University of Vermont
Elizabeth A. Regan: National Jewish Health
Barry J. Make: National Jewish Health
Alka M. Kanaya: University of California San Francisco
Sally E. Wenzel: University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, School of Public Health
Josef Coresh: New York University Grossman School of Medicine, New York University Langone Health
Carmen R. Isasi: Albert Einstein College of Medicine
Laura M. Raffield: University of North Carolina
Mitchell S. V. Elkind: Columbia University Vagelos College of Physicians and Surgeons
Virginia J. Howard: University of Alabama at Birmingham
Victor E. Ortega: Division of Respiratory Medicine, Mayo Clinic
Prescott Woodruff: University of California San Francisco
Shelley A. Cole: Texas Biomedical Research Institute
Joel M. Henderson: Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Boston University Chobanian & Avedisian School of Medicine and Boston Medical Center
Nicholas J. Mantis: Division of Infectious Diseases, Wadsworth Center, New York State Department of Health
Monica M. Parker: Division of Infectious Diseases, Wadsworth Center, New York State Department of Health
Ryan T. Demmer: University of Minnesota
Elizabeth C. Oelsner: Columbia University Vagelos College of Physicians and Surgeons

Nature Communications, 2024, vol. 15, issue 1, 1-12

Abstract: Abstract This study investigates correlates of anti-S1 antibody response following COVID-19 vaccination in a U.S. population-based meta-cohort of adults participating in longstanding NIH-funded cohort studies. Anti-S1 antibodies were measured from dried blood spots collected between February 2021-August 2022 using Luminex-based microsphere immunoassays. Of 6245 participants, mean age was 73 years (range, 21-100), 58% were female, and 76% were non-Hispanic White. Nearly 52% of participants received the BNT162b2 vaccine and 48% received the mRNA-1273 vaccine. Lower anti-S1 antibody levels are associated with age of 65 years or older, male sex, higher body mass index, smoking, diabetes, COPD and receipt of BNT16b2 vaccine (vs mRNA-1273). Participants with a prior infection, particularly those with a history of hospitalized illness, have higher anti-S1 antibody levels. These results suggest that adults with certain socio-demographic and clinical characteristics may have less robust antibody responses to COVID-19 vaccination and could be prioritized for more frequent re-vaccination.

Date: 2024
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DOI: 10.1038/s41467-024-45468-9

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