Mapping the global distribution of C4 vegetation using observations and optimality theory

Xiangzhong Luo (), Haoran Zhou (), Tin W. Satriawan, Jiaqi Tian, Ruiying Zhao, Trevor F. Keenan, Daniel M. Griffith, Stephen Sitch, Nicholas G. Smith and Christopher J. Still
Additional contact information
Xiangzhong Luo: National University of Singapore
Haoran Zhou: Tianjin University
Tin W. Satriawan: National University of Singapore
Jiaqi Tian: National University of Singapore
Ruiying Zhao: National University of Singapore
Trevor F. Keenan: Policy and Management, UC Berkeley
Daniel M. Griffith: Oregon State University
Stephen Sitch: University of Exeter
Nicholas G. Smith: Texas Tech University
Christopher J. Still: Oregon State University

Nature Communications, 2024, vol. 15, issue 1, 1-12

Abstract: Abstract Plants with the C4 photosynthesis pathway typically respond to climate change differently from more common C3-type plants, due to their distinct anatomical and biochemical characteristics. These different responses are expected to drive changes in global C4 and C3 vegetation distributions. However, current C4 vegetation distribution models may not predict this response as they do not capture multiple interacting factors and often lack observational constraints. Here, we used global observations of plant photosynthetic pathways, satellite remote sensing, and photosynthetic optimality theory to produce an observation-constrained global map of C4 vegetation. We find that global C4 vegetation coverage decreased from 17.7% to 17.1% of the land surface during 2001 to 2019. This was the net result of a reduction in C4 natural grass cover due to elevated CO2 favoring C3-type photosynthesis, and an increase in C4 crop cover, mainly from corn (maize) expansion. Using an emergent constraint approach, we estimated that C4 vegetation contributed 19.5% of global photosynthetic carbon assimilation, a value within the range of previous estimates (18–23%) but higher than the ensemble mean of dynamic global vegetation models (14 ± 13%; mean ± one standard deviation). Our study sheds insight on the critical and underappreciated role of C4 plants in the contemporary global carbon cycle.

Date: 2024
References: View references in EconPapers View complete reference list from CitEc
Citations: View citations in EconPapers (1)

Downloads: (external link)
https://www.nature.com/articles/s41467-024-45606-3 Abstract (text/html)

Related works:
This item may be available elsewhere in EconPapers: Search for items with the same title.

Export reference: BibTeX RIS (EndNote, ProCite, RefMan) HTML/Text

Persistent link: https://EconPapers.repec.org/RePEc:nat:natcom:v:15:y:2024:i:1:d:10.1038_s41467-024-45606-3

Ordering information: This journal article can be ordered from
https://www.nature.com/ncomms/

DOI: 10.1038/s41467-024-45606-3

Access Statistics for this article

Nature Communications is currently edited by Nathalie Le Bot, Enda Bergin and Fiona Gillespie

More articles in Nature Communications from Nature
Bibliographic data for series maintained by Sonal Shukla () and Springer Nature Abstracting and Indexing ().