Single cell atlas of Xenoturbella bocki highlights limited cell-type complexity

Helen E. Robertson, Arnau Sebé-Pedrós, Baptiste Saudemont, Yann Loe-Mie, Anne-C. Zakrzewski, Xavier Grau-Bové, Marie-Pierre Mailhe, Philipp Schiffer, Maximilian J. Telford () and Heather Marlow ()
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Helen E. Robertson: The University of Chicago
Arnau Sebé-Pedrós: Barcelona Institute of Science and Technology (BIST)
Baptiste Saudemont: Institut Pasteur
Yann Loe-Mie: Institut Pasteur
Anne-C. Zakrzewski: University College London
Xavier Grau-Bové: Barcelona Institute of Science and Technology (BIST)
Marie-Pierre Mailhe: Institut Pasteur
Philipp Schiffer: University College London
Maximilian J. Telford: University College London
Heather Marlow: The University of Chicago

Nature Communications, 2024, vol. 15, issue 1, 1-11

Abstract: Abstract Phylogenetic analyses over the last two decades have united a few small, and previously orphan clades, the nematodermatids, acoels and xenoturbelids, into the phylum Xenacoelomorpha. Some phylogenetic analyses support a sister relationship between Xenacoelomorpha and Ambulacraria (Xenambulacraria), while others suggest that Xenacoelomorpha may be sister to the rest of the Bilateria (Nephrozoa). An understanding of the cell type complements of Xenacoelomorphs is essential to assessing these alternatives as well as to our broader understanding of bilaterian cell type evolution. Employing whole organism single-cell RNA-seq in the marine xenacoelomorph worm Xenoturbella bocki, we show that Xenambulacrarian nerve nets share regulatory features and a peptidergic identity with those found in cnidarians and protostomes and more broadly share muscle and gland cell similarities with other metazoans. Taken together, these data are consistent with broad homologies of animal gland, muscle, and neurons as well as more specific affinities between Xenoturbella and acoel gut and epidermal tissues, consistent with the monophyly of Xenacoelomorpha.

Date: 2024
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DOI: 10.1038/s41467-024-45956-y

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