Mode-multiplexing deep-strong light-matter coupling

Joshua Mornhinweg, Laura Katharina Diebel, Maike Halbhuber, Michael Prager, Josef Riepl, Tobias Inzenhofer, Dominique Bougeard, Rupert Huber () and Christoph Lange ()
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Joshua Mornhinweg: University of Regensburg
Laura Katharina Diebel: University of Regensburg
Maike Halbhuber: University of Regensburg
Michael Prager: University of Regensburg
Josef Riepl: University of Regensburg
Tobias Inzenhofer: University of Regensburg
Dominique Bougeard: University of Regensburg
Rupert Huber: University of Regensburg
Christoph Lange: TU Dortmund University

Nature Communications, 2024, vol. 15, issue 1, 1-8

Abstract: Abstract Dressing electronic quantum states with virtual photons creates exotic effects ranging from vacuum-field modified transport to polaritonic chemistry, and squeezing or entanglement of modes. The established paradigm of cavity quantum electrodynamics maximizes the light-matter coupling strength $${\varOmega }_{{{{{{\rm{R}}}}}}}/{\omega }_{{{{{{\rm{c}}}}}}}$$ Ω R / ω c , defined as the ratio of the vacuum Rabi frequency and the frequency of light, by resonant interactions. Yet, the finite oscillator strength of a single electronic excitation sets a natural limit to $${\varOmega }_{{{{{{\rm{R}}}}}}}/{\omega }_{{{{{{\rm{c}}}}}}}$$ Ω R / ω c . Here, we enter a regime of record-strong light-matter interaction which exploits the cooperative dipole moments of multiple, highly non-resonant magnetoplasmon modes tailored by our metasurface. This creates an ultrabroadband spectrum of 20 polaritons spanning 6 optical octaves, calculated vacuum ground state populations exceeding 1 virtual excitation quantum, and coupling strengths equivalent to $${\varOmega }_{{{{{{\rm{R}}}}}}}/{\omega }_{{{{{{\rm{c}}}}}}}=3.19$$ Ω R / ω c = 3.19 . The extreme interaction drives strongly subcycle energy exchange between multiple bosonic vacuum modes akin to high-order nonlinearities, and entangles previously orthogonal electronic excitations solely via vacuum fluctuations.

Date: 2024
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DOI: 10.1038/s41467-024-46038-9

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