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Indication of critical scaling in time during the relaxation of an open quantum system

Ling-Na Wu, Jens Nettersheim, Julian Feß, Alexander Schnell, Sabrina Burgardt, Silvia Hiebel, Daniel Adam, André Eckardt () and Artur Widera ()
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Ling-Na Wu: Technische Universität Berlin
Jens Nettersheim: University Kaiserslautern-Landau
Julian Feß: University Kaiserslautern-Landau
Alexander Schnell: Technische Universität Berlin
Sabrina Burgardt: University Kaiserslautern-Landau
Silvia Hiebel: University Kaiserslautern-Landau
Daniel Adam: University Kaiserslautern-Landau
André Eckardt: Technische Universität Berlin
Artur Widera: University Kaiserslautern-Landau

Nature Communications, 2024, vol. 15, issue 1, 1-8

Abstract: Abstract Near continuous phase transitions, universal power-law scaling, characterized by critical exponents, emerges. This behavior reflects the singular responses of physical systems to continuous control parameters like temperature or external fields. Universal scaling extends to non-equilibrium dynamics in isolated quantum systems after a quench, where time takes the role of the control parameter. Our research unveils critical scaling in time also during the relaxation dynamics of an open quantum system. Here we experimentally realize such a system by the spin of individual Cesium atoms dissipatively coupled through spin-exchange processes to a bath of ultracold Rubidium atoms. Through a finite-size scaling analysis of the entropy dynamics via numerical simulations, we identify a critical point in time in the thermodynamic limit. This critical point is accompanied by the divergence of a characteristic length, which is described by critical exponents that turn out to be unaffected by system specifics.

Date: 2024
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DOI: 10.1038/s41467-024-46054-9

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