Dispersion patterns of SARS-CoV-2 variants Gamma, Lambda and Mu in Latin America and the Caribbean

Tiago Gräf (), Alexander A. Martinez, Gonzalo Bello, Simon Dellicour, Philippe Lemey, Vittoria Colizza, Mattia Mazzoli, Chiara Poletto, Vanessa Leiko Oikawa Cardoso, Alexandre Freitas Silva, Fernando Couto Motta, Paola Cristina Resende, Marilda M. Siqueira, Leticia Franco, Lionel Gresh, Jean-Marc Gabastou, Angel Rodriguez, Andrea Vicari, Sylvain Aldighieri, Jairo Mendez-Rico and Juliana Almeida Leite ()
Additional contact information
Tiago Gräf: Fundação Oswaldo Cruz
Alexander A. Martinez: Gorgas Memorial Institute for Health Studies
Gonzalo Bello: Laboratório de Arbovírus e Vírus Hemorrágicos, Instituto Oswaldo Cruz, FIOCRUZ
Simon Dellicour: Université Libre de Bruxelles
Philippe Lemey: University of Leuven
Vittoria Colizza: Sorbonne Université, INSERM, Institut Pierre Louis d’Épidémiologie et de Santé Publique (IPLESP)
Mattia Mazzoli: Sorbonne Université, INSERM, Institut Pierre Louis d’Épidémiologie et de Santé Publique (IPLESP)
Chiara Poletto: University of Padova
Vanessa Leiko Oikawa Cardoso: Instituto Gonçalo Moniz, FIOCRUZ-Bahia
Alexandre Freitas Silva: Fundação Oswaldo Cruz
Fernando Couto Motta: Fundação Oswaldo Cruz
Paola Cristina Resende: Fundação Oswaldo Cruz
Marilda M. Siqueira: Fundação Oswaldo Cruz
Leticia Franco: Pan American Health Organization
Lionel Gresh: Pan American Health Organization
Jean-Marc Gabastou: Pan American Health Organization
Angel Rodriguez: Pan American Health Organization
Andrea Vicari: Pan American Health Organization
Sylvain Aldighieri: Pan American Health Organization
Jairo Mendez-Rico: Pan American Health Organization
Juliana Almeida Leite: Pan American Health Organization

Nature Communications, 2024, vol. 15, issue 1, 1-11

Abstract: Abstract Latin America and Caribbean (LAC) regions were an important epicenter of the COVID-19 pandemic and SARS-CoV-2 evolution. Through the COVID-19 Genomic Surveillance Regional Network (COVIGEN), LAC countries produced an important number of genomic sequencing data that made possible an enhanced SARS-CoV-2 genomic surveillance capacity in the Americas, paving the way for characterization of emerging variants and helping to guide the public health response. In this study we analyzed approximately 300,000 SARS-CoV-2 sequences generated between February 2020 and March 2022 by multiple genomic surveillance efforts in LAC and reconstructed the diffusion patterns of the main variants of concern (VOCs) and of interest (VOIs) possibly originated in the Region. Our phylogenetic analysis revealed that the spread of variants Gamma, Lambda and Mu reflects human mobility patterns due to variations of international air passenger transportation and gradual lifting of social distance measures previously implemented in countries. Our results highlight the potential of genetic data to reconstruct viral spread and unveil preferential routes of viral migrations that are shaped by human mobility patterns.

Date: 2024
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DOI: 10.1038/s41467-024-46143-9

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