Crustal permeability generated through microearthquakes is constrained by seismic moment

Pengliang Yu (), Ankur Mali, Thejasvi Velaga, Alex Bi, Jiayi Yu, Chris Marone, Parisa Shokouhi and Derek Elsworth ()
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Pengliang Yu: Pennsylvania State University
Ankur Mali: University of South Florida
Thejasvi Velaga: Pennsylvania State University
Alex Bi: Pennsylvania State University
Jiayi Yu: Pennsylvania State University
Chris Marone: Pennsylvania State University
Parisa Shokouhi: Pennsylvania State University
Derek Elsworth: Pennsylvania State University

Nature Communications, 2024, vol. 15, issue 1, 1-12

Abstract: Abstract We link changes in crustal permeability to informative features of microearthquakes (MEQs) using two field hydraulic stimulation experiments where both MEQs and permeability evolution are recorded simultaneously. The Bidirectional Long Short-Term Memory (Bi-LSTM) model effectively predicts permeability evolution and ultimate permeability increase. Our findings confirm the form of key features linking the MEQs to permeability, offering mechanistically consistent interpretations of this association. Transfer learning correctly predicts permeability evolution of one experiment from a model trained on an alternate dataset and locale, which further reinforces the innate interdependency of permeability-to-seismicity. Models representing permeability evolution on reactivated fractures in both shear and tension suggest scaling relationships in which changes in permeability ( $$\Delta k$$ Δ k ) are linearly related to the seismic moment ( $$M$$ M ) of individual MEQs as $$\Delta k\propto M$$ Δ k ∝ M . This scaling relation rationalizes our observation of the permeability-to-seismicity linkage, contributes to its predictive robustness and accentuates its potential in characterizing crustal permeability evolution using MEQs.

Date: 2024
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DOI: 10.1038/s41467-024-46238-3

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