Photooxidation triggered ultralong afterglow in carbon nanodots

Guang-Song Zheng, Cheng-Long Shen, Chun-Yao Niu, Qing Lou (), Tian-Ci Jiang, Peng-Fei Li, Xiao-Jing Shi, Run-Wei Song, Yuan Deng, Chao-Fan Lv, Kai-Kai Liu, Jin-Hao Zang, Zhe Cheng, Lin Dong and Chong-Xin Shan ()
Additional contact information
Guang-Song Zheng: Zhengzhou University
Cheng-Long Shen: Zhengzhou University
Chun-Yao Niu: Zhengzhou University
Qing Lou: Zhengzhou University
Tian-Ci Jiang: The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University
Peng-Fei Li: The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University
Xiao-Jing Shi: Zhengzhou University
Run-Wei Song: Zhengzhou University
Yuan Deng: Zhengzhou University
Chao-Fan Lv: Zhengzhou University
Kai-Kai Liu: Zhengzhou University
Jin-Hao Zang: Zhengzhou University
Zhe Cheng: The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University
Lin Dong: Zhengzhou University
Chong-Xin Shan: Zhengzhou University

Nature Communications, 2024, vol. 15, issue 1, 1-13

Abstract: Abstract It remains a challenge to obtain biocompatible afterglow materials with long emission wavelengths, durable lifetimes, and good water solubility. Herein we develop a photooxidation strategy to construct near-infrared afterglow carbon nanodots with an extra-long lifetime of up to 5.9 h, comparable to that of the well-known rare-earth or organic long-persistent luminescent materials. Intriguingly, size-dependent afterglow lifetime evolution from 3.4 to 5.9 h has been observed from the carbon nanodots systems in aqueous solution. With structural/ultrafast dynamics analysis and density functional theory simulations, we reveal that the persistent luminescence in carbon nanodots is activated by a photooxidation-induced dioxetane intermediate, which can slowly release and convert energy into luminous emission via the steric hindrance effect of nanoparticles. With the persistent near-infrared luminescence, tissue penetration depth of 20 mm can be achieved. Thanks to the high signal-to-background ratio, biological safety and cancer-specific targeting ability of carbon nanodots, ultralong-afterglow guided surgery has been successfully performed on mice model to remove tumor tissues accurately, demonstrating potential clinical applications. These results may facilitate the development of long-lasting luminescent materials for precision tumor resection.

Date: 2024
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DOI: 10.1038/s41467-024-46668-z

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