Dynamics of extrachromosomal circular DNA in rice

Jundong Zhuang, Yaoxin Zhang, Congcong Zhou, Danlin Fan, Tao Huang, Qi Feng, Yiqi Lu, Yan Zhao, Qiang Zhao, Bin Han () and Tingting Lu ()
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Jundong Zhuang: Shanghai Jiao Tong University
Yaoxin Zhang: Chinese Academy of Sciences
Congcong Zhou: Chinese Academy of Sciences
Danlin Fan: Chinese Academy of Sciences
Tao Huang: Chinese Academy of Sciences
Qi Feng: Chinese Academy of Sciences
Yiqi Lu: Chinese Academy of Sciences
Yan Zhao: Chinese Academy of Sciences
Qiang Zhao: Chinese Academy of Sciences
Bin Han: Chinese Academy of Sciences
Tingting Lu: Shanghai Jiao Tong University

Nature Communications, 2024, vol. 15, issue 1, 1-14

Abstract: Abstract The genome’s dynamic nature, exemplified by elements like extrachromosomal circular DNA (eccDNA), is crucial for biodiversity and adaptation. Yet, the role of eccDNA in plants, particularly rice, remains underexplored. Here, we identify 25,598 eccDNAs, unveiling the widespread presence of eccDNA across six rice tissues and revealing its formation as a universal and random process. Interestingly, we discover that direct repeats play a pivotal role in eccDNA formation, pointing to a unique origin mechanism. Despite eccDNA’s prevalence in coding sequences, its impact on gene expression is minimal, implying its roles beyond gene regulation. We also observe the association between eccDNA’s formation and minor chromosomal deletions, providing insights of its possible function in regulating genome stability. Further, we discover eccDNA specifically accumulated in rice leaves, which may be associated with DNA damage caused by environmental stressors like intense light. In summary, our research advances understanding of eccDNA’s role in the genomic architecture and offers valuable insights for rice cultivation and breeding.

Date: 2024
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DOI: 10.1038/s41467-024-46691-0

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