Immunosenescence and vaccine efficacy revealed by immunometabolic analysis of SARS-CoV-2-specific cells in multiple sclerosis patients

Sara De Biasi (), Domenico Lo Tartaro, Anita Neroni, Moritz Rau, Nikolaos Paschalidis, Rebecca Borella, Elena Santacroce, Annamaria Paolini, Lara Gibellini, Alin Liviu Ciobanu, Michela Cuccorese, Tommaso Trenti, Ignacio Rubio, Francesca Vitetta, Martina Cardi, Rafael José Argüello, Diana Ferraro and Andrea Cossarizza ()
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Sara De Biasi: University of Modena and Reggio Emilia School of Medicine
Domenico Lo Tartaro: University of Modena and Reggio Emilia School of Medicine
Anita Neroni: University of Modena and Reggio Emilia School of Medicine
Moritz Rau: University of Modena and Reggio Emilia School of Medicine
Nikolaos Paschalidis: Biomedical Research Foundation Academy of Athens
Rebecca Borella: University of Modena and Reggio Emilia School of Medicine
Elena Santacroce: University of Modena and Reggio Emilia School of Medicine
Annamaria Paolini: University of Modena and Reggio Emilia School of Medicine
Lara Gibellini: University of Modena and Reggio Emilia School of Medicine
Alin Liviu Ciobanu: University of Modena and Reggio Emilia School of Medicine
Michela Cuccorese: Azienda Unità Sanitaria Locale AUSL/AOU Policlinico
Tommaso Trenti: Azienda Unità Sanitaria Locale AUSL/AOU Policlinico
Ignacio Rubio: Jena University Hospital
Francesca Vitetta: University of Modena and Reggio Emilia
Martina Cardi: University of Modena and Reggio Emilia
Rafael José Argüello: Centre d’Immunologie de Marseille-Luminy
Diana Ferraro: University of Modena and Reggio Emilia
Andrea Cossarizza: University of Modena and Reggio Emilia School of Medicine

Nature Communications, 2024, vol. 15, issue 1, 1-20

Abstract: Abstract Disease-modifying therapies (DMT) administered to patients with multiple sclerosis (MS) can influence immune responses to SARS-CoV-2 and vaccine efficacy. However, data on the detailed phenotypic, functional and metabolic characteristics of antigen (Ag)-specific cells following the third dose of mRNA vaccine remain scarce. Here, using flow cytometry and 45-parameter mass cytometry, we broadly investigate the phenotype, function and the single-cell metabolic profile of SARS-CoV-2-specific T and B cells up to 8 months after the third dose of mRNA vaccine in a cohort of 94 patients with MS treated with different DMT, including cladribine, dimethyl fumarate, fingolimod, interferon, natalizumab, teriflunomide, rituximab or ocrelizumab. Almost all patients display functional immune response to SARS-CoV-2. Different metabolic profiles characterize antigen-specific-T and -B cell response in fingolimod- and natalizumab-treated patients, whose immune response differs from all the other MS treatments.

Date: 2024
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DOI: 10.1038/s41467-024-47013-0

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