The genomic evolutionary dynamics and global circulation patterns of respiratory syncytial virus

Annefleur C. Langedijk, Bram Vrancken, Robert Jan Lebbink, Deidre Wilkins, Elizabeth J. Kelly, Eugenio Baraldi, Abiel Homero Mascareñas de Los Santos, Daria M. Danilenko, Eun Hwa Choi, María Angélica Palomino, Hsin Chi, Christian Keller, Robert Cohen, Jesse Papenburg, Jeffrey Pernica, Anne Greenough, Peter Richmond, Federico Martinón-Torres, Terho Heikkinen, Renato T. Stein, Mitsuaki Hosoya, Marta C. Nunes, Charl Verwey, Anouk Evers, Leyla Kragten-Tabatabaie, Marc A. Suchard, Sergei L. Kosakovsky Pond, Chiara Poletto, Vittoria Colizza, Philippe Lemey and Louis J. Bont ()
Additional contact information
Annefleur C. Langedijk: University Medical Centre Utrecht
Bram Vrancken: Laboratory of Clinical and Epidemiological Virology
Robert Jan Lebbink: University Medical Center Utrecht
Deidre Wilkins: BioPharmaceuticals R&D, AstraZeneca
Elizabeth J. Kelly: BioPharmaceuticals R&D, AstraZeneca
Eugenio Baraldi: University Hospital of Padova
Abiel Homero Mascareñas de Los Santos: Jose Eluterio Gonzalez Hospital Universitario
Daria M. Danilenko: Smorodintsev Research Institute of Influenza
Eun Hwa Choi: Seoul National University Children’s Hospital
María Angélica Palomino: Universidad de Chile
Hsin Chi: MacKay Children’s Hospital
Christian Keller: University Hospital Giessen and Marburg
Robert Cohen: Université Paris XII
Jesse Papenburg: McGill University Health Centre
Jeffrey Pernica: McMaster University
Anne Greenough: ReSViNET Foundation
Peter Richmond: University of Western Australia
Federico Martinón-Torres: ReSViNET Foundation
Terho Heikkinen: ReSViNET Foundation
Renato T. Stein: ReSViNET Foundation
Mitsuaki Hosoya: Fukushima Medical University School of Medicine
Marta C. Nunes: ReSViNET Foundation
Charl Verwey: University of the Witwatersrand
Anouk Evers: University Medical Center Utrecht
Leyla Kragten-Tabatabaie: ReSViNET Foundation
Marc A. Suchard: University of California
Sergei L. Kosakovsky Pond: Temple University
Chiara Poletto: Institut Pierre Louis d’Epidémiologie et de Santé Publique IPLESP
Vittoria Colizza: Institut Pierre Louis d’Epidémiologie et de Santé Publique IPLESP
Philippe Lemey: Laboratory of Clinical and Epidemiological Virology
Louis J. Bont: University Medical Centre Utrecht

Nature Communications, 2024, vol. 15, issue 1, 1-12

Abstract: Abstract Respiratory syncytial virus (RSV) is a leading cause of acute lower respiratory tract infection in young children and the second leading cause of infant death worldwide. While global circulation has been extensively studied for respiratory viruses such as seasonal influenza, and more recently also in great detail for SARS-CoV-2, a lack of global multi-annual sampling of complete RSV genomes limits our understanding of RSV molecular epidemiology. Here, we capitalise on the genomic surveillance by the INFORM-RSV study and apply phylodynamic approaches to uncover how selection and neutral epidemiological processes shape RSV diversity. Using complete viral genome sequences, we show similar patterns of site-specific diversifying selection among RSVA and RSVB and recover the imprint of non-neutral epidemic processes on their genealogies. Using a phylogeographic approach, we provide evidence for air travel governing the global patterns of RSVA and RSVB spread, which results in a considerable degree of phylogenetic mixing across countries. Our findings highlight the potential of systematic global RSV genomic surveillance for transforming our understanding of global RSV spread.

Date: 2024
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DOI: 10.1038/s41467-024-47118-6

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