Cross-species spill-over potential of the H9N2 bat influenza A virus

Rabeh El-Shesheny, John Franks, Ahmed Kandeil, Rebecca Badra, Jasmine Turner, Patrick Seiler, Bindumadhav M. Marathe, Trushar Jeevan, Lisa Kercher, Meng Hu, Yul Eum Sim, Kenrie P. Y. Hui, Michael C. W. Chan, Andrew J. Thompson, Pamela McKenzie, Elena A. Govorkova, Charles J. Russell, Peter Vogel, James C. Paulson, J. S. Malik Peiris, Robert G. Webster, Mohamed A. Ali, Ghazi Kayali () and Richard J. Webby ()
Additional contact information
Rabeh El-Shesheny: National Research Centre
John Franks: St. Jude Children’s Research Hospital
Ahmed Kandeil: National Research Centre
Rebecca Badra: Human Link
Jasmine Turner: St. Jude Children’s Research Hospital
Patrick Seiler: St. Jude Children’s Research Hospital
Bindumadhav M. Marathe: St. Jude Children’s Research Hospital
Trushar Jeevan: St. Jude Children’s Research Hospital
Lisa Kercher: St. Jude Children’s Research Hospital
Meng Hu: St. Jude Children’s Research Hospital
Yul Eum Sim: High Point University
Kenrie P. Y. Hui: The University of Hong Kong
Michael C. W. Chan: The University of Hong Kong
Andrew J. Thompson: The Scripps Research Institute
Pamela McKenzie: St. Jude Children’s Research Hospital
Elena A. Govorkova: St. Jude Children’s Research Hospital
Charles J. Russell: St. Jude Children’s Research Hospital
Peter Vogel: St. Jude Children’s Research Hospital
James C. Paulson: The Scripps Research Institute
J. S. Malik Peiris: The University of Hong Kong
Robert G. Webster: St. Jude Children’s Research Hospital
Mohamed A. Ali: National Research Centre
Ghazi Kayali: Human Link
Richard J. Webby: St. Jude Children’s Research Hospital

Nature Communications, 2024, vol. 15, issue 1, 1-12

Abstract: Abstract In 2017, a novel influenza A virus (IAV) was isolated from an Egyptian fruit bat. In contrast to other bat influenza viruses, the virus was related to avian A(H9N2) viruses and was probably the result of a bird-to-bat transmission event. To determine the cross-species spill-over potential, we biologically characterize features of A/bat/Egypt/381OP/2017(H9N2). The virus has a pH inactivation profile and neuraminidase activity similar to those of human-adapted IAVs. Despite the virus having an avian virus–like preference for α2,3 sialic acid receptors, it is unable to replicate in male mallard ducks; however, it readily infects ex-vivo human respiratory cell cultures and replicates in the lungs of female mice. A/bat/Egypt/381OP/2017 replicates in the upper respiratory tract of experimentally-infected male ferrets featuring direct-contact and airborne transmission. These data suggest that the bat A(H9N2) virus has features associated with increased risk to humans without a shift to a preference for α2,6 sialic acid receptors.

Date: 2024
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DOI: 10.1038/s41467-024-47635-4

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