Functional connectivity development along the sensorimotor-association axis enhances the cortical hierarchy

Audrey C. Luo, Valerie J. Sydnor, Adam Pines, Bart Larsen, Aaron F. Alexander-Bloch, Matthew Cieslak, Sydney Covitz, Andrew A. Chen, Nathalia Bianchini Esper, Eric Feczko, Alexandre R. Franco, Raquel E. Gur, Ruben C. Gur, Audrey Houghton, Fengling Hu, Arielle S. Keller, Gregory Kiar, Kahini Mehta, Giovanni A. Salum, Tinashe Tapera, Ting Xu, Chenying Zhao, Taylor Salo, Damien A. Fair, Russell T. Shinohara, Michael P. Milham and Theodore D. Satterthwaite ()
Additional contact information
Audrey C. Luo: University of Pennsylvania
Valerie J. Sydnor: University of Pennsylvania
Adam Pines: University of Pennsylvania
Bart Larsen: University of Pennsylvania
Aaron F. Alexander-Bloch: University of Pennsylvania
Matthew Cieslak: University of Pennsylvania
Sydney Covitz: University of Pennsylvania
Andrew A. Chen: Medical University of South Carolina
Nathalia Bianchini Esper: Child Mind Institute
Eric Feczko: Child Mind Institute
Alexandre R. Franco: Child Mind Institute
Raquel E. Gur: University of Pennsylvania
Ruben C. Gur: University of Pennsylvania
Audrey Houghton: University of Minnesota
Fengling Hu: University of Pennsylvania
Arielle S. Keller: University of Pennsylvania
Gregory Kiar: Child Mind Institute
Kahini Mehta: University of Pennsylvania
Giovanni A. Salum: Child Mind Institute
Tinashe Tapera: University of Pennsylvania
Ting Xu: Child Mind Institute
Chenying Zhao: University of Pennsylvania
Taylor Salo: University of Pennsylvania
Damien A. Fair: University of Minnesota
Russell T. Shinohara: University of Pennsylvania
Michael P. Milham: Child Mind Institute
Theodore D. Satterthwaite: University of Pennsylvania

Nature Communications, 2024, vol. 15, issue 1, 1-16

Abstract: Abstract Human cortical maturation has been posited to be organized along the sensorimotor-association axis, a hierarchical axis of brain organization that spans from unimodal sensorimotor cortices to transmodal association cortices. Here, we investigate the hypothesis that the development of functional connectivity during childhood through adolescence conforms to the cortical hierarchy defined by the sensorimotor-association axis. We tested this pre-registered hypothesis in four large-scale, independent datasets (total n = 3355; ages 5–23 years): the Philadelphia Neurodevelopmental Cohort (n = 1207), Nathan Kline Institute-Rockland Sample (n = 397), Human Connectome Project: Development (n = 625), and Healthy Brain Network (n = 1126). Across datasets, the development of functional connectivity systematically varied along the sensorimotor-association axis. Connectivity in sensorimotor regions increased, whereas connectivity in association cortices declined, refining and reinforcing the cortical hierarchy. These consistent and generalizable results establish that the sensorimotor-association axis of cortical organization encodes the dominant pattern of functional connectivity development.

Date: 2024
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DOI: 10.1038/s41467-024-47748-w

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