Nitrogen and Nod factor signaling determine Lotus japonicus root exudate composition and bacterial assembly

Ke Tao, Ib T. Jensen, Sha Zhang, Eber Villa-Rodríguez, Zuzana Blahovska, Camilla Lind Salomonsen, Anna Martyn, Þuríður Nótt Björgvinsdóttir, Simon Kelly, Luc Janss, Marianne Glasius, Rasmus Waagepetersen and Simona Radutoiu ()
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Ke Tao: Aarhus University
Ib T. Jensen: Aarhus University
Sha Zhang: Aarhus University
Eber Villa-Rodríguez: Aarhus University
Zuzana Blahovska: Aarhus University
Camilla Lind Salomonsen: Aarhus University
Anna Martyn: Aarhus University
Þuríður Nótt Björgvinsdóttir: Aarhus University
Simon Kelly: Aarhus University
Luc Janss: Aarhus University
Marianne Glasius: Aarhus University
Rasmus Waagepetersen: Aalborg University
Simona Radutoiu: Aarhus University

Nature Communications, 2024, vol. 15, issue 1, 1-15

Abstract: Abstract Symbiosis with soil-dwelling bacteria that fix atmospheric nitrogen allows legume plants to grow in nitrogen-depleted soil. Symbiosis impacts the assembly of root microbiota, but it is unknown how the interaction between the legume host and rhizobia impacts the remaining microbiota and whether it depends on nitrogen nutrition. Here, we use plant and bacterial mutants to address the role of Nod factor signaling on Lotus japonicus root microbiota assembly. We find that Nod factors are produced by symbionts to activate Nod factor signaling in the host and that this modulates the root exudate profile and the assembly of a symbiotic root microbiota. Lotus plants with different symbiotic abilities, grown in unfertilized or nitrate-supplemented soils, display three nitrogen-dependent nutritional states: starved, symbiotic, or inorganic. We find that root and rhizosphere microbiomes associated with these states differ in composition and connectivity, demonstrating that symbiosis and inorganic nitrogen impact the legume root microbiota differently. Finally, we demonstrate that selected bacterial genera characterizing state-dependent microbiomes have a high level of accurate prediction.

Date: 2024
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DOI: 10.1038/s41467-024-47752-0

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