Stabilizing persistent currents in an atomtronic Josephson junction necklace

Luca Pezzè (), Klejdja Xhani, Cyprien Daix, Nicola Grani, Beatrice Donelli, Francesco Scazza, Diego Hernandez-Rajkov, Woo Jin Kwon, Giulia Del Pace and Giacomo Roati ()
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Luca Pezzè: Consiglio Nazionale delle Ricerche (CNR-INO)
Klejdja Xhani: Consiglio Nazionale delle Ricerche (CNR-INO)
Cyprien Daix: European Laboratory for Nonlinear Spectroscopy (LENS)
Nicola Grani: Consiglio Nazionale delle Ricerche (CNR-INO)
Beatrice Donelli: Consiglio Nazionale delle Ricerche (CNR-INO)
Francesco Scazza: Consiglio Nazionale delle Ricerche (CNR-INO)
Diego Hernandez-Rajkov: Consiglio Nazionale delle Ricerche (CNR-INO)
Woo Jin Kwon: Ulsan National Institute of Science and Technology (UNIST)
Giulia Del Pace: European Laboratory for Nonlinear Spectroscopy (LENS)
Giacomo Roati: Consiglio Nazionale delle Ricerche (CNR-INO)

Nature Communications, 2024, vol. 15, issue 1, 1-8

Abstract: Abstract Arrays of Josephson junctions are at the forefront of research on quantum circuitry for quantum computing, simulation, and metrology. They provide a testing bed for exploring a variety of fundamental physical effects where macroscopic phase coherence, nonlinearities, and dissipative mechanisms compete. Here we realize finite-circulation states in an atomtronic Josephson junction necklace, consisting of a tunable array of tunneling links in a ring-shaped superfluid. We study the stability diagram of the atomic flow by tuning both the circulation and the number of junctions. We predict theoretically and demonstrate experimentally that the atomic circuit withstands higher circulations (corresponding to higher critical currents) by increasing the number of Josephson links. The increased stability contrasts with the trend of the superfluid fraction – quantified by Leggett’s criterion – which instead decreases with the number of junctions and the corresponding density depletion. Our results demonstrate atomic superfluids in mesoscopic structured ring potentials as excellent candidates for atomtronics applications, with prospects towards the observation of non-trivial macroscopic superpositions of current states.

Date: 2024
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DOI: 10.1038/s41467-024-47759-7

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