Local incomplete combustion emissions define the PM2.5 oxidative potential in Northern India

Deepika Bhattu (), Sachchida Nand Tripathi (), Himadri Sekhar Bhowmik, Vaios Moschos, Chuan Ping Lee, Martin Rauber, Gary Salazar, Gülcin Abbaszade, Tianqu Cui, Jay G. Slowik, Pawan Vats, Suneeti Mishra, Vipul Lalchandani, Rangu Satish, Pragati Rai, Roberto Casotto, Anna Tobler, Varun Kumar, Yufang Hao, Lu Qi, Peeyush Khare, Manousos Ioannis Manousakas, Qiyuan Wang, Yuemei Han, Jie Tian, Sophie Darfeuil, Mari Cruz Minguillon, Christoph Hueglin, Sébastien Conil, Neeraj Rastogi, Atul Kumar Srivastava, Dilip Ganguly, Sasa Bjelic, Francesco Canonaco, Jürgen Schnelle-Kreis, Pamela A. Dominutti, Jean-Luc Jaffrezo, Sönke Szidat, Yang Chen, Junji Cao, Urs Baltensperger, Gaëlle Uzu, Kaspar R. Daellenbach, Imad El Haddad () and André S. H. Prévôt ()
Additional contact information
Deepika Bhattu: Paul Scherrer Institute
Sachchida Nand Tripathi: Indian Institute of Technology Kanpur
Himadri Sekhar Bhowmik: Indian Institute of Technology Kanpur
Vaios Moschos: Paul Scherrer Institute
Chuan Ping Lee: Paul Scherrer Institute
Martin Rauber: University of Bern
Gary Salazar: University of Bern
Gülcin Abbaszade: Helmholtz Zentrum München
Tianqu Cui: Paul Scherrer Institute
Jay G. Slowik: Paul Scherrer Institute
Pawan Vats: Indian Institute of Technology Delhi
Suneeti Mishra: Indian Institute of Technology Kanpur
Vipul Lalchandani: Indian Institute of Technology Kanpur
Rangu Satish: Physical Research Laboratory
Pragati Rai: Paul Scherrer Institute
Roberto Casotto: Paul Scherrer Institute
Anna Tobler: Paul Scherrer Institute
Varun Kumar: Paul Scherrer Institute
Yufang Hao: Paul Scherrer Institute
Lu Qi: Paul Scherrer Institute
Peeyush Khare: Paul Scherrer Institute
Manousos Ioannis Manousakas: Paul Scherrer Institute
Qiyuan Wang: Chinese Academy of Sciences
Yuemei Han: Chinese Academy of Sciences
Jie Tian: Chinese Academy of Sciences
Sophie Darfeuil: IGE (Institute of Environmental Geosciences)
Mari Cruz Minguillon: Institute of Environmental Assessment and Water Research (IDAEA-CSIC)
Christoph Hueglin: Swiss Federal Laboratories for Materials Science and Technology (Empa)
Sébastien Conil: ANDRA DRD/GES Observatoire Pérenne de l’Environnement
Neeraj Rastogi: Physical Research Laboratory
Atul Kumar Srivastava: Ministry of Earth Sciences
Dilip Ganguly: Indian Institute of Technology Delhi
Sasa Bjelic: Paul Scherrer Institute
Francesco Canonaco: Paul Scherrer Institute
Jürgen Schnelle-Kreis: Helmholtz Zentrum München
Pamela A. Dominutti: IGE (Institute of Environmental Geosciences)
Jean-Luc Jaffrezo: IGE (Institute of Environmental Geosciences)
Sönke Szidat: University of Bern
Yang Chen: Chinese Academy of Sciences
Junji Cao: Chinese Academy of Sciences
Urs Baltensperger: Paul Scherrer Institute
Gaëlle Uzu: IGE (Institute of Environmental Geosciences)
Kaspar R. Daellenbach: Paul Scherrer Institute
Imad El Haddad: Paul Scherrer Institute
André S. H. Prévôt: Paul Scherrer Institute

Nature Communications, 2024, vol. 15, issue 1, 1-13

Abstract: Abstract The oxidative potential (OP) of particulate matter (PM) is a major driver of PM-associated health effects. In India, the emission sources defining PM-OP, and their local/regional nature, are yet to be established. Here, to address this gap we determine the geographical origin, sources of PM, and its OP at five Indo-Gangetic Plain sites inside and outside Delhi. Our findings reveal that although uniformly high PM concentrations are recorded across the entire region, local emission sources and formation processes dominate PM pollution. Specifically, ammonium chloride, and organic aerosols (OA) from traffic exhaust, residential heating, and oxidation of unsaturated vapors from fossil fuels are the dominant PM sources inside Delhi. Ammonium sulfate and nitrate, and secondary OA from biomass burning vapors, are produced outside Delhi. Nevertheless, PM-OP is overwhelmingly driven by OA from incomplete combustion of biomass and fossil fuels, including traffic. These findings suggest that addressing local inefficient combustion processes can effectively mitigate PM health exposure in northern India.

Date: 2024
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DOI: 10.1038/s41467-024-47785-5

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