Observation of interlayer plasmon polaron in graphene/WS2 heterostructures

Søren Ulstrup (), Yann in ’t Veld, Jill A. Miwa, Alfred J. H. Jones, Kathleen M. McCreary, Jeremy T. Robinson, Berend T. Jonker, Simranjeet Singh, Roland J. Koch, Eli Rotenberg, Aaron Bostwick, Chris Jozwiak, Malte Rösner () and Jyoti Katoch ()
Additional contact information
Søren Ulstrup: Aarhus University
Yann in ’t Veld: Radboud University
Jill A. Miwa: Aarhus University
Alfred J. H. Jones: Aarhus University
Kathleen M. McCreary: Naval Research laboratory
Jeremy T. Robinson: Naval Research laboratory
Berend T. Jonker: Naval Research laboratory
Simranjeet Singh: Carnegie Mellon University
Roland J. Koch: E. O. Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory
Eli Rotenberg: E. O. Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory
Aaron Bostwick: E. O. Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory
Chris Jozwiak: E. O. Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory
Malte Rösner: Radboud University
Jyoti Katoch: Carnegie Mellon University

Nature Communications, 2024, vol. 15, issue 1, 1-9

Abstract: Abstract Harnessing electronic excitations involving coherent coupling to bosonic modes is essential for the design and control of emergent phenomena in quantum materials. In situations where charge carriers induce a lattice distortion due to the electron-phonon interaction, the conducting states get “dressed", which leads to the formation of polaronic quasiparticles. The exploration of polaronic effects on low-energy excitations is in its infancy in two-dimensional materials. Here, we present the discovery of an interlayer plasmon polaron in heterostructures composed of graphene on top of single-layer WS2. By using micro-focused angle-resolved photoemission spectroscopy during in situ doping of the top graphene layer, we observe a strong quasiparticle peak accompanied by several carrier density-dependent shake-off replicas around the single-layer WS2 conduction band minimum. Our results are explained by an effective many-body model in terms of a coupling between single-layer WS2 conduction electrons and an interlayer plasmon mode. It is important to take into account the presence of such interlayer collective modes, as they have profound consequences for the electronic and optical properties of heterostructures that are routinely explored in many device architectures involving 2D transition metal dichalcogenides.

Date: 2024
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DOI: 10.1038/s41467-024-48186-4

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