Para-selective nitrobenzene amination lead by C(sp2)-H/N-H oxidative cross-coupling through aminyl radical

Zhen Zhang (), Shusheng Yue, Bo Jin, Ruchun Yang, Shengchun Wang, Tianqi Zhang, Li Sun, Aiwen Lei () and Hu Cai ()
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Zhen Zhang: Nanchang University
Shusheng Yue: Nanchang University
Bo Jin: Nanchang University
Ruchun Yang: Nanchang University
Shengchun Wang: Wuhan University
Tianqi Zhang: Nanchang University
Li Sun: Nanchang University
Aiwen Lei: Nanchang University
Hu Cai: Nanchang University

Nature Communications, 2024, vol. 15, issue 1, 1-9

Abstract: Abstract Arylamines, serving as crucial building blocks in natural products and finding applications in multifunctional materials, are synthesized on a large scale via an electrophilic nitration/reduction sequence. However, the current methods for aromatic C–H amination have not yet attained the same level of versatility as electrophilic nitration. Here we show an extensively investigated transition metal-free and regioselective strategy for the amination of nitrobenzenes, enabling the synthesis of 4-nitro-N-arylamines through C(sp2)-H/N-H cross-coupling between electron-deficient nitroarenes and amines. Mechanistic studies have elucidated that the crucial aspects of these reactions encompass the generation of nitrogen radicals and recombination of nitrobenzene complex radicals. The C(sp2)-N bond formation is demonstrated to be highly effective for primary and secondary arylamines as well as aliphatic amines under mild conditions, exhibiting exceptional tolerance towards diverse functional groups in both nitroarenes and amines (>100 examples with yields up to 96%). Notably, this C(sp2)-H/N-H cross-coupling exhibits exclusive para-selectivity.

Date: 2024
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DOI: 10.1038/s41467-024-48540-6

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