Longitudinal viral shedding and antibody response characteristics of men with acute infection of monkeypox virus: a prospective cohort study

Yang Yang (), Shiyu Niu, Chenguang Shen, Liuqing Yang, Shuo Song, Yun Peng, Yifan Xu, Liping Guo, Liang Shen, Zhonghui Liao, Jiexiang Liu, Shengjie Zhang, Yanxin Cui, Jiayin Chen, Si Chen, Ting Huang, Fuxiang Wang (), Hongzhou Lu () and Yingxia Liu ()
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Yang Yang: Second Hospital Affiliated to Southern University of Science and Technology
Shiyu Niu: Second Hospital Affiliated to Southern University of Science and Technology
Chenguang Shen: Southern Medical University
Liuqing Yang: Second Hospital Affiliated to Southern University of Science and Technology
Shuo Song: Second Hospital Affiliated to Southern University of Science and Technology
Yun Peng: Second Hospital Affiliated to Southern University of Science and Technology
Yifan Xu: Second Hospital Affiliated to Southern University of Science and Technology
Liping Guo: Second Hospital Affiliated to Southern University of Science and Technology
Liang Shen: Affiliated Hospital of Hubei University of Arts and Science
Zhonghui Liao: Bengbu Medical College
Jiexiang Liu: Second Hospital Affiliated to Southern University of Science and Technology
Shengjie Zhang: Second Hospital Affiliated to Southern University of Science and Technology
Yanxin Cui: Bengbu Medical College
Jiayin Chen: National Clinical Research Center for Infectious Disease
Si Chen: Second Hospital Affiliated to Southern University of Science and Technology
Ting Huang: Second Hospital Affiliated to Southern University of Science and Technology
Fuxiang Wang: Second Hospital Affiliated to Southern University of Science and Technology
Hongzhou Lu: Second Hospital Affiliated to Southern University of Science and Technology
Yingxia Liu: Second Hospital Affiliated to Southern University of Science and Technology

Nature Communications, 2024, vol. 15, issue 1, 1-12

Abstract: Abstract Understanding of infection dynamics is important for public health measures against monkeypox virus (MPXV) infection. Herein, samples from multiple body sites and environmental fomites of 77 acute MPXV infections (HIV co-infection: N = 42) were collected every two to three days and used for detection of MPXV DNA, surface protein specific antibodies and neutralizing titers. Skin lesions show 100% positivity rate of MPXV DNA, followed by rectum (88.16%), saliva (83.78%) and oropharynx (78.95%). Positivity rate of oropharynx decreases rapidly after 7 days post symptom onset (d.p.o), while the rectum and saliva maintain a positivity rate similar to skin lesions. Viral dynamics are similar among skin lesions, saliva and oropharynx, with a peak at about 6 d.p.o. In contrast, viral levels in the rectum peak at the beginning of symptom onset and decrease rapidly thereafter. 52.66% of environmental fomite swabs are positive for MPXV DNA, with highest positivity rate (69.89%) from air-conditioning air outlets. High seropositivity against A29L (100%) and H3L (94.74%) are detected, while a correlation between IgG endpoint titers and neutralizing titers is only found for A29L. Most indexes are similar between HIV and Non-HIV participants, while HIV and rectitis are associated with higher viral loads in rectum.

Date: 2024
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DOI: 10.1038/s41467-024-48754-8

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