High internal phase emulsions gel ink for direct-ink-writing 3D printing of liquid metal

Zewen Lin, Xiaowen Qiu, Zhouqishuo Cai, Jialiang Li, Yanan Zhao, Xinping Lin, Jinmeng Zhang, Xiaolan Hu () and Hua Bai ()
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Zewen Lin: Xiamen University
Xiaowen Qiu: Xiamen University
Zhouqishuo Cai: Xiamen University
Jialiang Li: Xiamen University
Yanan Zhao: Xiamen University
Xinping Lin: Xiamen University
Jinmeng Zhang: Xiamen University
Xiaolan Hu: Xiamen University
Hua Bai: Xiamen University

Nature Communications, 2024, vol. 15, issue 1, 1-12

Abstract: Abstract 3D printing of liquid metal remains a big challenge due to its low viscosity and large surface tension. In this study, we use Carbopol hydrogel and liquid gallium-indium alloy to prepare a liquid metal high internal phase emulsion gel ink, which can be used for direct-ink-writing 3D printing. The high volume fraction (up to 82.5%) of the liquid metal dispersed phase gives the ink excellent elastic properties, while the Carbopol hydrogel, as the continuous phase, provides lubrication for the liquid metal droplets, ensuring smooth flow of the ink during shear extrusion. These enable high-resolution and shape-stable 3D printing of three-dimensional structures. Moreover, the liquid metal droplets exhibit an electrocapillary phenomenon in the Carbopol hydrogel, which allows for demulsification by an electric field and enables electrical connectivity between droplets. We have also achieved the printing of ink on flexible, non-planar structures, and demonstrated the potential for alternating printing with various materials.

Date: 2024
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DOI: 10.1038/s41467-024-48906-w

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