Structure and function of the SIT1 proline transporter in complex with the COVID-19 receptor ACE2

Huanyu Z. Li, Ashley C. W. Pike, Irina Lotsaris, Gamma Chi, Jesper S. Hansen, Sarah C. Lee, Karin E. J. Rödström, Simon R. Bushell, David Speedman, Adam Evans, Dong Wang, Didi He, Leela Shrestha, Chady Nasrallah, Nicola A. Burgess-Brown, Robert J. Vandenberg (), Timothy R. Dafforn (), Elisabeth P. Carpenter () and David B. Sauer ()
Additional contact information
Huanyu Z. Li: University of Oxford
Ashley C. W. Pike: University of Oxford
Irina Lotsaris: University of Sydney
Gamma Chi: University of Oxford
Jesper S. Hansen: University of Oxford
Sarah C. Lee: University of Birmingham
Karin E. J. Rödström: University of Oxford
Simon R. Bushell: University of Oxford
David Speedman: University of Oxford
Adam Evans: University of Oxford
Dong Wang: University of Oxford
Didi He: University of Oxford
Leela Shrestha: University of Oxford
Chady Nasrallah: University of Oxford
Nicola A. Burgess-Brown: University of Oxford
Robert J. Vandenberg: University of Sydney
Timothy R. Dafforn: University of Birmingham
Elisabeth P. Carpenter: University of Oxford
David B. Sauer: University of Oxford

Nature Communications, 2024, vol. 15, issue 1, 1-11

Abstract: Abstract Proline is widely known as the only proteogenic amino acid with a secondary amine. In addition to its crucial role in protein structure, the secondary amino acid modulates neurotransmission and regulates the kinetics of signaling proteins. To understand the structural basis of proline import, we solved the structure of the proline transporter SIT1 in complex with the COVID-19 viral receptor ACE2 by cryo-electron microscopy. The structure of pipecolate-bound SIT1 reveals the specific sequence requirements for proline transport in the SLC6 family and how this protein excludes amino acids with extended side chains. By comparing apo and substrate-bound SIT1 states, we also identify the structural changes that link substrate release and opening of the cytoplasmic gate and provide an explanation for how a missense mutation in the transporter causes iminoglycinuria.

Date: 2024
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DOI: 10.1038/s41467-024-48921-x

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